Argonatica

The epic poem highlights the hero Jason, and his quest for the Golden Fleece. According to the myth, Jason and fifty other renowned members of Greece set out for the fleece so that Jason could earn back his father's kingdom. Jason is a particularly interesting hero because he often displays qualities of an efficient leader. This is distinct compared to other heroes, such as Hercules, who are better known as warriors rather than leaders.Apollonius' epic would lay the groundwork for the works of Gaius Valerius Flaccus and Virgil. The Golden Fleece was the item which Jason, with the help of the Argonauts, was forced to retrieve. The origin of the Golden Fleece begins with Phrixus and Helle, the children of Athamus, and the goddess Nephele. When Athamas remarried, the children's stepmother, Ino, became Jealous of them and plotted to get rid of Phrixus and his sister. Ino persuaded two messengers to say that that the oracle required the sacrifice of Phrixus to restore ertility to the fiel ds.Before Phrixus could be sacrificed, however, Nephele sent a golden ram which carried both children off through the air. Helle fell into the Hellespont, but Phrixus arrived safely at Colchis, where he married the daughter of King Aeetes. Phrixus sacrificed the ram to Zeus, and gave its pelt (the Golden Fleece) to Aeetes. Aeetes placed the fleece in an oak tree, where it remained. Then Jason's Father Aeson, was driven from power and killed by his brother Pelias. Jason death is aked and the child is sent away to be taught by the centaur Chiron.Jason returns later to reclaim his throne. However, an oracle warns Pelias that he will die at the hands of one of his relatives and that he should be wary of a man wearing only one sandal. Pelias informs Jason that he would give up his throne if Jason would set out and retrieve the Golden Fleece. The Argonautica begins as Jason is assembling a crew for the Argo. The Argo was the boat which was built by Argos for the Journey. It was slightly l arger than most ships at the time. In many ways the author Apollonius does not highlight the true heroism of Jason.Jason, through the author's description, does not appear as heroic as he really was. The definition of a Greek tragic hero is a man who is neither a pure man nor one who receives his fate as a result of his wickedness, but because of some mistake. From this it can be derived that the tragic hero must be both mortal, and human, and one who receives his fate as a result of error rather than as retribution. In both these instances Jason is a tragic hero ecause he is neither a perfect man nor a terrible man and he dies as a result of mortal mistakes as opposed to retribution.In the case of Jason, his tragic flaw is being too dependent on others. Jason tragic end begins as a result of Medea, who kills Pelias and forces Jason to flee his father's former kingdom after the Journey. Medea then kills Jason's sons and flees after Jason married another woman. Apollonius does not me ntion this part of the myth in his epic. In this way the true entirety of the definition is not fulfilled by the epic. Argonatica By Ibeaulieu

A Critique on Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” Essay

The task of this paper is two-fold; first, this paper will trace and explain the evolution of Martin Luther King, Jr. ’s belief that war, racism and economic injustice are all intertwined and can be dealt with the restructuring of society’s priorities and addressed the necessity of a revolution of values; second, this paper will also explain how he carried out his beliefs in the his speech at the Lincoln Memorial, â€Å"I Have a Dream†. At the onset of this paper, it is important to note that King’s ‘background’ [which includes his race, habituation, education and religion among many others] is crucial in his struggle against racial discrimination, violence and economic injustice as experienced by blacks in the United States of America. This was clearly stated in the speech wherein hundreds of thousands of people were able to serve as audience. In this speech, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. talks of manufactured and institutionalized oppression, I mean oppression which involves the mechanisms of law and power relations the basis of which is against the ‘natural law’. The speech purpose is made evident here as its intention was made clear: that racism should be abolished. Furthermore, Luther King’s striking delivery made it more of just an expression of freedom but of a struggle against an intangible foe: his fellow American’s mentality. Natural law theorists, following the thoughts of St. Augustine that â€Å"an unjust law is not a law at all† and Aquinas’ notion of â€Å"law as an ordinance of reason†, view morality as essentially tied up with the very essence of law. How does King figure in all of this? How can we explain the evolution of King’s ideological perspective? The point is clear: Oppression and unfair treatment of individuals is not morally valid nor is it morally permissible most especially if the basis of such is the individual’s ethnicity or race. As the Kantians believed, each person has a capacity for rational deliberation and choice and as such, an autonomous being with dignity and therefore, ought to be respected by virtue of being human persons. The evolution of King’s ideological perspective may therefore be construed in such way that it is a product, both of his experiences as a black living in a white-dominated society and his philosophical and political development and this may be inferred from Fairclough’s book, â€Å"Martin Luther King, Jr. †, 1995. King’s speeches very clearly communicate his views: â€Å"I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality†¦. I have the audacity to believe that peoples everywhere can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality, and freedom for their spirits[†¦] (as cited by Carson, 1998). Three important points about King and his political thrusts, philosophical orientation and as to why he may be called a â€Å"radical democrat† may be inferred from the aforementioned quotation in his speech. First, as a leading figure in â€Å"civil rights movement† King believed in the tenets of democracy and liberalism in the sense that he believed that both white and black Americans must have fair treatment in the realm of the law, for the purpose of law itself is the administration of social justice. Second, he believed in the â€Å"non-necessity of violence†. Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi’s â€Å"civil disobedience†, he believed that there are peaceful ways in and through which the problem of political and economic injustice may be resolved. It may further be inferred that for him, political, economic and social change can best be achieved not through violence [and that the government should not keep itself busy from going to war, as in the case of the Vietnam War] nor by transforming a portion or a sector of society but what is needed is a restructuring of the society as a whole. King believed that a â€Å"revolution of values† is a matter of strict necessity. King’s views may be identified as â€Å"radical† in this sense. He emphasized the need to restructure even how we think about black Americans or African Americans. It may be inferred that racism, the feeling of being superior over another race or ethnic group or nationality is grounded on the wrong premises; wrong modes of thinking and reasoning. It is by transforming our psyche and by appealing through reason and conscience that society as a whole may chart its rightful path towards genuine social change. Third, he believed and fought not only for civil rights but also for economic changes especially labor rights and lobbied for law reforms to be enacted to protect Negroes from exploitation and oppressive schemes adopted by employers. These include fair treatment and equal work opportunity, just compensation, etc. This is how he carried out his beliefs in the Memphis Strike and the Poor People’s Campaign. King served as a voice crying for the emancipation not only of black Americans but also of other human beings from the chains of oppression. Based on the above discussion, we can see why King believed that the problems and conflicts brought about by war, racism and economic injustice are all intertwined. What we can infer from his views is the interweaving and interconnecting patterns brought about by racism itself. Furthermore, the speech was made memorable as it was delivered at the Lincoln Memorial. Abraham Lincoln was the first to abolish the slave trade in the southern states during his term which was considered as a significant step towards racial equality in the United States. But racism is not in itself the root of the problem; it is merely an effect of a traceable cause. This cause, this root of racism, is none other than a distorted value system, a wrong frame of mind resulting to feelings of superiority and even contempt and hate which further results to taking an unfair advantage of other human beings, plus a very materialistic market essentially driven by capital. The fault is, at bottom, deeply embedded with the minds of persons and a wrong value system, a wrong sense of pride and nationality, for it fails, in the Kantian sense, to respect persons for the sake of being human persons, not as mere means and tools that another person or race may use but as ends-in-themselves, possessing the capacity for rational thought, capable of making rational choices and thereby, beings that are autonomous and dignified and for the aforementioned reasons, deserve to be respected. References: Carson, C. A Call to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. : Warner Books; Reprint edition (2002). Fairclough, A. Martin Luther King, Jr. : University of Georgia Press, c. 1995.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY.#3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY.#3 - Essay Example The research aims at identifying whether there is difference in the learning of complex and simple rules between teacher-directed (explicit) and grammar-discovery (implicit) approaches and if such differences exist at different levels of proficiency such as beginners, intermediate and advance language learners. The study entailed quantitative study over 2-month period at three proficiency levels with pre-post and delayed-post tests. The number of participants was 70 and their ages ranged from 13 to 19 years. Two treatment groups (N=35 in each group) with different proficiency levels were administered 15-minute sessions 4-5 times a week over the entire period of study using same mini grammar quiz and writing prompt. Explicit treatment was teacher-directed with formal rules while implicit treatment was task-based and grammar-discovery. Chi-square data analysis was used to identify the differences in grammar learning gains. The findings indicated that instructional intervention increases the learning of grammar forms. For implicit instruction, the interaction increased learning due to opportunity to improve cognitive ability to unconsciously analyse materials. For explicitly taught group, findings demonstrate that adults use deductive reasoning and benefit from structural presentations and ability o relate new information with their L1. The results indicate the methods matter since explicitly-taught groups scored highly than implicitly-taught groups for the complex rules. This indicates explicit group’s cognitive approach resonates well with adult learners’ brains while implicit groups’ attempts to discover rules and assimilate forms through practice. I agree with the author that teachers can spend more time in teaching complex grammar rules through explicit methods and allow the students to induct the simple structures and rules of grammar. I was interested in this source since I believe it lays foundation on future studies on grammar instruction

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Response paper - Essay Example In addition, it is sad that her son has nothing positive but he is a lazy kid. In fact, the son behaves like a pimp because he can do nothing and just benefits from the activities carried out by her mother. To make the matter worse, the son hates the mother for being a prostitute but still benefits from her prostitution activities. For example, the son gets money from the mother and also eats what is cooked by her. It is through this kind of laziness that the son reminds her mother of his dead father making the whole scenario of the movie to depict sadness. Of more significance, the movie is filmed like a documentary. This is because there are no fictitious scenes included in the movie. The story line of the movie revolves around the ordinary life of the characters involved. The story about the single parent in the movie reminded me of the kind of life that I fear leading in my future. In addition, the movie made me to think about why my mother has always told me not to live like her. However, I do not think my life will be much different from that of hers considering the nature of life exhibited in Asian countries. On the other hand, the movie made me nervous throughout the different scenes. Even though the movie was presented ordinarily, I became nervous while watching it because I could relate the different situations happening to the characters to my personal life. Different people undergo personal experiences that are kept as a secret to them and after watching this movie, I could not judge people anymore. Anyway, the movie has captured the theme of feminism effectively. The use of Jeanne Dielman in the movie demonstrated the role of women in the society and how they should advocate for equality with men. This explains why the movie is categorized as one of the best feminist movies in history. The director of Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles was able to capture an image

Compare Scientific Models and Religious Myths Essay

Compare Scientific Models and Religious Myths - Essay Example The ideas in defense of religion, on the other hand, are argument from causation and argument from values. A myriad of scientific models have been invented and adopted in the realm of pure science and applied sciences, which gave a strong attachment of science to scientific observation and scientific methods. Objectivity, accuracy, and verifiability are of prime importance of scientific inquiry, and are the characteristics of science. These dimensions are said not to be possessed by religion, whose central configuration is faith. The locus of science being based on material objectivity through scientific methods is said to be a far cry from that of religion, which to some people, is perceived to be a locus of mythology, false and science-unaided beliefs, and fanaticism. Thus, the debate about science and religion has a history that dates back to the beginning of modern science. Naturalism, a scientific model that defends science with its stance of reality being material, and is therefore subject to scientific scrutiny, poses that any considerations that ideas not relying in scientific investigations are foolish (Baker, 2006). The search for truth is found in the material reality - in the natural world - which can be measured and analyzed according to scientific investigations. Religion, having no scientific tools to aid such investigation, is taken as a myth. Science was able to maintain such confinement to the natural world on the basis of its ability to use testable and reproducible material data that passed through scientific methods, in which explanations lie in the domains of the natural world. It goes on to say that non-natural explanations, like the realm of religion, are non-testable and non-reproducible and are therefore non-scientific. Anything non-scientific is considered a myth or an erroneous belief by some science geeks. However, the exclusio n of non-scientific explanations from understanding the natural world does not

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 84

History - Essay Example The Continental Congress comprised of 13 American colonies and after some time the United States. The external pressures from France, England, and Spain played an integral role in the making of the United States in the sense that they were challenged by their success, as they were free from colonies. Therefore, the United States came up with the articles of confederation, which served as the first constitution. The Articles of Confederation even when they were not yet ratified provided international and domestic legitimacy to direct the American Revolutionary war by the Continental Congress (Berkin, 2012). Although ratified by the thirteen states the Articles were not sufficient, which led to the making of the United States Constitution that would govern all the states. However, Antifederalists opposed the ratification of the Constitution. They did not succeed as the Constitution was ratified in 1789 and was established as supreme law. The constitution was not sufficient enough as it was amended twenty-seven times where the first ten amendments are the bill of rights that are gi ven to every citizen in the United

Applying relevant literature, discuss the challenges facing health Essay

Applying relevant literature, discuss the challenges facing health organisations when implementing information systems. Based on - Essay Example The first are the various international commitments like those made with World Health Organization (WHO) and government regulatory and monitoring bodies that need to be complied to or the system may have to interact with once it is operational. Interoperability with the major Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and other hospital system should also be taken into consideration due to the importance of collaboration in the medical care field. There are also international standards that will be presented to provide insights on what other healthcare organizations are using. This paper shall also explore the impact at the organizational level of any implementation of information systems. This paper shall likewise present the minimum requirements of a Healthcare Information System that would be responsive and compliant to the various challenges presented in this paper. This paper shall also provide operational imperatives that need to be taken into consideration in operating and mainta ining an information system. II. World Health Organization – In the third millennium people interact globally, a person can be in Europe when he wakes up and can be in North America in the afternoon for dinner. The likelihood of a person contracting a pathogen in the morning and spreading this on the plane and then to the airport, and then to his destination is a nightmare that is not only possible but is happening to some degree every day. The best way to combat epidemics is early detection to enable governments to arrest its spread. In the 21st century, health is a shared responsibility, involving equitable access to essential care and collective defence against transnational threats (World Health Organization, 2010). Global partners and countries have developed a common monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework for health systems strengthening (HSS). The operationalization of this framework requires a common platform for M&E of National Health Strategies (NHS) – also referred to as the country health systems surveillance (CHeSS) platform. The country-led platform aims to improve availability, quality and use of data needed to monitor health progress and performance and inform country health sector reviews and planning processes (World Health Organization, 2010). This will enable WHO to monitor diseases and its spread to countries or regions that will be the basis for a concerted global response to wide spread health threats. A direct link to a healthcare organization’s information system will enable WHO to pinpoint index patients that would hasten medical forensic investigation. The WHO is also responsible for the implementation and compliance to the IHR or International Health Regulation. The IHR mandates that each nation set-up a monitoring and surveillance system in all its health care system. Therefore the compatibility of the Information System that will be implemented by the healthcare organization to the WHO’s health s urveillance is an important aspect of the organization’s social responsibility. â€Å"The stated purpose and scope of the IHR (International Health Regulation) are "to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and

Horticultural plant or invasive species Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Horticultural plant or invasive species - Essay Example Description of Invasive Plant and Horticultural Plant Executive Order 13112 signed by President Clinton in 1999 provides the official perspective of what an invasive species is. The official view is that an invasive species is an alien species, which when introduced poses economic and environmental harm or poses a threat to human health. From the perspective of a lay man an invasive species can be taken as a species that does not occur naturally in a specified region, and the introduction of which leads to economic and environmental harm or is a threat to human health (Definition of Invasive Species). Invasive plants are a component of the invasive species and are considered those plants that are introduced into new habitats from other places and pose economic or environmental problems in their new habitats (Beaulieu, 2008). Horticultural plants on the other hand are those plants that are grown for fruits, vegetables, flowers or as ornamental plants to increase the beauty and ambience (Beaulieu, 2008).

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Report - Essay Example (Reed, Andy) International corporations are reported to be interested in Miami as a suitable for conventions and conferences, but there is doubt here whether they could afford the rate of four figures. Since Miami is a favorite destination, people who will come to visit the proposed resort hotel are those who do not make a big deal about money. These are the billionaires, top world leaders and politician, celebrities and honeymooners. The place could also easily attract golfers who come from the row of billionaires. These golfers form regular tournaments and stay at the most luxurious hotel in the area. They shun onlookers and would prefer privacy and luxury. Forbes has listed the world’s billionaires, who came from many parts of the world. Surprisingly, these billionaires start counting their billions at age 39. Saad Hari 39 years old, is a Lebanon national. Others are of younger generation who undoubtedly are pleasure seekers. Florida has been the favorite of celebrities today and in the past. Top stars of the 50s who were visitors of Miami were Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davies, Jr., Dean Martin and Joey Bishop. Lucille Ball and Desni Arnaz stayed at a Miami Beach Hotel for a shot of their TV series. Elvis Presley had a room in Jacksonville Hotel. Today, some of the celebrities you see walking in the beach in Miami are Lindsay Lohan, Britney Spears, Jaime Foxx, Gloria Esteffan, Ricky Martin and many more. Demand for luxury hotels in Miami are increasing as hotel occupancy in 2011 was 55.7% in February 2011 and even reached 98.97%. Rise in demand was caused by increase in consumer travels and business growth. It is predicted by the PFK Hospitality Research that there will be high levels of occupancy in Miami hotels and that the hotel sector will be performing above average. Local hotel operators have confirmed the increase of international visitors and they believe this trend will

E gov Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E gov - Case Study Example he effect of the established water projects in people’s lives, demonstrate institutional failures and corruption of Thar government and how they have led to distrust in the public and my opinion to reduce such occurrences. Decrease of monsoon rainfall is caused by Arabian Sea that branch north of Cambay gulf resulting in extreme drought conditions in Thar Desert, unexpected change of air currents, and the dry air of Sind. Karakilcik and Kalyar (2014) argue that deflection of air currents to the east in Arabian Sea is increasing causing the air to move east and southeast. As a result, the rain bearing wind reaches south-west of Arabia and marks the end of monsoon rainfall. This has caused increasingly drought conditions in Thar Desert. Thar Desert in south East Pakistan has been suffering from extreme drought conditions for a period of three years. Jillian (2015) notes that Tharparkar region is the most neglected areas in Pakistan. Lack of proper rain for the last three years has affected people and livestock greatly. An interview with one of the residents of Thar parkar region in Pakistan indicates that drought has left nothing edible for people and livestock. Halepoto (2012) indicates that 90% of the agricultural land has perished due to inadequate water. Human beings are suffering. Reports from the local doctors and hospitals indicate that children are the most affected due to malnutrition and premature births. Despite the increased efforts by the government to get the people of Pakistan from crisis, the continuous increase in drought is dragging their efforts (Halepoto, 2012). Water borne diseases from saline water and malnutrition have caused increased number of infant deaths. In search of greener pastures, thousands of people migrate to the nearby farming districts close to River Indus (Poonia and Rao, 2013). Trained Health care workers are migrating to big cities, such as Karachi to look for employment (Halepoto, 2012). There is also no continuity in

The Development Quantum Computing Essay Example for Free

The Development Quantum Computing Essay The story of computers started with the abacus invented by the Babylonians around 500 B. C. In 1614 John Napier began to develop mechanical computers such as the Babbage differential engine that could carry out one fixed problem to the accuracy of 20 decimal places using steam power. This is a picture of the left side of the Manchester Mark 1 computer, which was constructed in 1947. However, computing didnt advance until the introduction of vacuum tube powering in the early 20th century and transistors in 1947. At present computers work by manipulating bits, that can only be of discrete values of 1 or 0. In a digital computer the value of a bit is generated by the voltage on a capacitor, with a charged capacitor representing 1 and an uncharged capacitor denoting 0. According to Moores law the number of transistors in computer chips doubles every 18 months and computers have been seen to double in speed and half in size every two years, this is due to advanced lithography that allows wires and transistors contained in chips to be one hundredth of the width of a human hair These computers can carry out calculations using algorithms, a precise set of instructions used to solve a particular problem, an example of a fast or usable algorithm is addition and a slow or hard algorithm is factorisation. There a limits to present computers, that cant seem to be overcome by present technology. Hard algorithms like factorisation increase in time taken to solve exponentially when the number of digits increase, factorising a 400 digit number would take the most technologically advanced computer a billion years to perform. Computers have also reached their present size boundaries as transistors and wires cant be decreased to less than a width of an atom. (Approximately 10? 10 meters) The dawn of quantum computers In 1982 Richard Feynman began to consider the idea of quantum computers and in 1985 a revolutionary paper was published by David Deutsch of Oxford university, describing a universal quantum computer, however a use for quantum computers couldnt be found, until 1994 when Peter Shor from ATTs Bells laboratories devised a quantum algorithm that could theoretically perform efficient factorisation, creating a killer application for quantum computers for their great potential to break complex codes, for example electronic bank accounts, which gain their security from the present difficulty in factorising large numbers. What a Quantum computer can do for you In order to continue the advance in computing a new type of technology needed to be exploited. According to quantum physics a subatomic particle cant be said to exist, there are only probabilities of its existence and position until its definite state and position is discovered, then its probabilities collapse. Quantum physics breaks down the classically binary nature of a bit, with the invention of a quantum bit or qubit that can exist in coherent superposition, i. e. as a 0, 1 or simultaneously as a 1 and 0, with a numerical coefficient representing the probability of each state. The qubit is represented by the nuclear spins of each individual atom, for example the change in energy state. When you perform a calculation using an electron existing in both states you are performing two calculations, when another superposed qubit is added four calculations can be performed at once and so on. This exponential increase means that the time taken to carry out calculations rapidly decreases. The time to carry out calculations also decreases as atoms change energy states far quicker than even the fastest computer processors. With only a few hundred qubits it is possible to represent more numbers than there are atoms in our universe. It also increases storage capacity exponentially, as N qubits can store 2 numbers at once. Imagine the qubits are atoms whose different electronic states can be controlled by a tuned laser; this will change their state allowing in only one computational step a calculation to be performed on 2 different input numbers encoded in coherent superpositions of N qubits. The actual space a quantum computer will take up will be significantly smaller than present day desk tops, allowing the further development of sophisticated, efficient palm held computers. This is because given the right calculation each qubit can take the place of an entire processor, meaning that 100 barium ions could take the place of 100 computer processors. Aside from computers quantum technology has developed rapidly in the last ten years. In June 2002 a team of Australian scientist were able to teleport a laser beam, causing it to disappear and be regenerated 3 ft away, the results are yet to be confirmed but if they are sound this development could in a matter of years be able to teleport actual objects significant distances. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance After Shors discovery quantum computing construction began in earnest, however due to the phenomena of decoherence no atom or photon, being the qubit, can be of an undetermined state after being detected, the probabilities collapse and its state becomes definite. This makes further calculations impossible as the exponential element of the qubit has been lost, causing it to behave as a regular analogous bit. In order to keep the coherence of the qubit the inner workings of a quantum computer must be separate from the outside environment to stop any interactions that may determine the state of the qubit from occurring, but also be accessible so that calculations can be carried out and results obtained. A solution was Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) a technique developed in the 1940s, which is widely used in medical imagery and chemistry. Experiments were carried out, during the mid 1990s and it was found using a classical fluid made of many (1023) selected molecules allowed each qubit to be represented by many molecules allowing interactions to take place between some of the molecules but still maintaining the coherence of the qubit. NMR treats the spins of qubits as tiny bar magnets that will line up when a magnetic field is applied, allowing manipulation of the qubits. Two alternative alignments are generated one parallel to the external field and one anti-parallel to the field, corresponding to two different quantum states. NMR procedures also use an oscillating electromagnetic field, which is specially selected according to the properties of the molecules used. This causes certain spins in the liquid to be rotated, causing them to perform the different calculations required. Example Hydrogen nuclei placed in a magnetic field of 10 tesla, change orientation at a frequency of 400 megahertz (radio frequency) Due to decoherence the pulse is only turned on for a few millionths of a second but can cause the spins to rotate by 180 degrees, a pulse half that length causes a 90 degree spin. This causes the spins to be of state 1 or 0 with equal probability. This causes the spin to rotate about the magnetic field, as shown in the image on the right. This rotation emits a weak radio signal, which is picked up by the NMR apparatus.

Socioilogy Essay Example for Free

Socioilogy Essay Many people are under the impression that the United States prison system is meant to punish those who have committed acts against the law. Although this is true, it has been proven that as a whole, the country has become exponentially more punitive, sentencing individuals at a far greater rate than in decades before. Nicola Lacey explains in American Imprisonment in Comparative Perspective that America is on an imprisonment â€Å"binge†. Until 1980, 110 people per 100,000 individuals were behind bars whereas today the numbers are increased to 740 people per 100,000. We live in a society of mass incarceration in which 1 out of every 100 adults are currently incarcerated. For a comparative perspective, America accounts for 5% of the world’s population while also accounting for 25% of the world’s incarcerated population. It is clear by the numbers that something has happened within the last thirty years to drastically increase the use of punishment. There are different explanations for the imprisonment binge in America, however the effects of incarceration on individuals, and consequences of penal practices have become a growing social problem. The extremely racialized incarceral system not only diminishes family life and distorts democracy, but also outcasts ex-convicts by discriminating them educationally and black-listing them from many everyday activities in society. Now more than ever, social circumstances effect one’s likelihood to be involved with crime and the criminal justice system as a whole. Class, Race and Hyperincarceration in Revanchist America by Loic Wacquant argues that mass incarceration does not exist in the United States, rather hyperincarceration, or finely targeting incarceration by class, race and place. This method of categorization associates imprisonment with poor, African American males. This triple selectivity of class, race and place is the reason Wacquant believes we have an absurd criminal justice system in the United States. It is unfair that predetermined factors dictate the involvement of blacks and other minorities with crime and incarceration. Not only has an increased punitive system in the United States contributed to discriminating against blacks, but it forms society’s view of blacks overall. Another piece of Saperstein and Penner’s paper investigates the hypothesis that â€Å"incarceration affects how respondents indentify themselves and how they are perceived by others: respondents who are or have been incarcerated will be more likely to be classified as black, and less likely to be classified as white† (Saperstein 93). The researchers use data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to examine the relationship between different dependent variables such as racial self-identification and racial classification. The independent variables in the experiment are incarceration and interviewer characteristics. The authors suggest that this racial affiliation based on incarceration creates a vicious cycle where inequality is reproduced. Saperstein and Penner’s hypothesis leads me to draw a direct connection between race and crime. The connection is not that blacks are more likely to commit crimes, rather society’s lens is more likely to affiliate crime with blacks. Because of the phenomena of mass incarceration, when a person thinks of a criminal, they tend to think of a black person. In turn, police officers, judges and prosecutors tend to assume the same, making blacks the targets of racial profiling and harsher sentencing. Not only are members of the courtroom workgroup likely to be more harsh on a black person, but this causes other people to look at members of every person in the black community as criminals. This scenario has a far greater effect on society than thought of at first glance. The prison system has a far greater effect on society beyond the prison walls themselves, especially in terms of family life. Although the prisoner is the person who directly feels the temporal sentence itself, families bear the cost of incarceration as well. As many people know, the majority of prisoners in the United States prison system are male. This is exemplified by the numbers at San Quentin Prison, being that 95% of all visitors are women. Wives, sisters, daughters and mothers travel for hours to spend a few short minutes with their loved ones behind bars. Megan Comfort explains the struggle to maintain family bonds â€Å"In the Tube at San Quentin: The Secondary Prisonization of Women Visiting Inmates†. The visitation system in many prisons are degrading in that cueing and waiting degrades the visitors time and depreciates the visit. Visitation restrictions stretch to the regulation of clothes and belongings in that 1/3rd of female visitors are asked to change some aspect of their attire for one reason or another. Female visitors experience many pains of imprisonment. In assimilating to the regulations and degradation of prison, female visitors undergo what Comfort calls a form of secondary prisonization. Not only are women penalized based on visitation regulations, but the prison system disorganizes families, causing them to bear many costs of incarceration. Marriage and divorce becomes an issue with many couples going through the prison system. The hardships of imprisonment on family life has a destabilizing effect, causing problems for wives and children equally. Bruce Western and Len Lopoo state in Punishment and Inequality In America, that although 60% of prisoners have at least monthly contact with family members in some way, visitations are relatively rare in that prisoners are places more than 100 miles away from home. An even greater effect that the carceral facility plays on the family is the stigma and shame many family members endure. Family life is one of the overlooked consequences of imprisonment that has a large effect on many individuals affiliated with the criminal justice system. It is evident that the incarceration system as a whole accounts for a civil death in the distortion of democracy. Essentially, prisoner votes count in the districts in which they are incarcerated. This means that more funding is given to districts which have a greater population due to the existence of a prison, however those behind the prison walls are not accounted for in their voting rights. This form of prison-based gerrymandering influxes the number of votes in an area in which prisons are located, giving a political advantage to those running for office. Christopher Ugger and Jeff Manza write about the elimination of voices of formally incarcerated people in their piece Lost Voices: The Civic and Political Views of Disenfranchised Felons. Since the prison system is on based around raced, the criminal disenfranchisement in the United States has taken the right to vote from 17% of African American men. It is clear that a major collateral consequence is the elimination of eliminating the voices of such a specific racial and social category. On major challenge of prisoner re-entry is the denial of access to education, not to mention the social ostracization the prison system imposes on individuals. Issac, a formally incarcerated individual and a member of the Center for Community Alternatives explains that after he was let out for criminal possession of a controlled substance, it was extremely difficult for him to get into college. The Dean at SUNY Oswego did not want him in the school because he was an ex-convict. Access to education is an issue for both formally incarcerated individuals, and individuals behind bars. President Bill Clinton passed the Crime Control Law Enforcement Act under his presidency which denied Pell Grants to criminals despite unanimous professional opinion that post secondary education reduces recidivism, bolsters carceral order, and increases public safety. Josh Page explains this in Eliminating the Enemy: The Import of Denying Prisoners Access to Higher Education. Page argues that lawmakers enacted this legislative penal drama oriented in the pursuit of political capital. The denial of prisoners access to education is not an economic decision being that prisoners receive less than 1% of Pell Grant dollars, rather a symbolic, communicative act. How can anyone argue this when it has been proven that it costs more not to educate prisoners? Aside from the implications of not allowing prisoners to gain secondary education, the hardships of ex-convicts to gain education effects their life and society greatly. If people cannot gain education after prison, they are less likely to get jobs, and in turn, more likely to reoffend. Making it more difficult for people to become re-acclimated with society creates a vicious cycle of recidivism. Aside from hindering access to education, the penal system as a whole creates a stigma for individuals life after prison. After being in prison, it is hard to rebuild connections with one’s family since they have been apart for so long. Ex-convicts are separated from society physically and institutionally. After being in prison, it is very difficult for an individual to regain their life and adjust to the new social circumstances they are subjected to, and have been shielded from for so long. An example of this occurs in Miami Day County. In Florida, Jessica’s Law banishes sex offenders to the streets by requiring that ex sex offenders live 2,500 feet or more away from parks, schools and daycares. Since parole requires that ex-convicts live in the county they committed a crime, Jessica’s law left hundreds of individuals living homeless under a bridge. This is one example of many ways in which prisoner re-entry becomes very difficult for individuals. Overall, the penal system is a cultural performance which challenges individuals across society and creates a system of inequality for all those affiliated with it.

The Failure Of Unamid In Darfur Politics Essay

The Failure Of Unamid In Darfur Politics Essay Darfur has been called the worst humanitarian crisis of the 21st century. Since the Rwandan genocide in 1994, the world has not seen such a campaign of killing, refugees, rape and destruction. The crisis caused the death of 300  000 people and over 2.5 million displaced Sudanese since February 2003. This crisis attracted the attention of many humanitarian and human rights organizations, various states policy makers, and a number of regional and international organizations such as the African Union, the United Nations and the International Criminal Court. In 2004, the African Union established the Darfur Integrated Taskforce (DITF). In 2007, the continuing hazardous situation required the creation of a joined AU-UN operation to intervene in Darfur, which was called United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID). After three years of functioning of the UNAMID, the situation in Darfur still depicts a lot of human suffering and deprivation  [3]  . This suggests that the UNAMID was not effective in dealing with the crisis. To understand this, the paper will investigate the reasons behind the missions failure in achieving its objectives and goals. Hence, the study will try to answer the following question: why did UNAMID fail in Darfur? In other words, what are the reasons behind UNAMIDs ineffectiveness in Darfur? In fact, there are various reasons that can be investigated ranging from domestic to international, organizational to financial ones. However, given the limited time and knowledge, we will focus on two major reasons that we think created obstacles to the missions success. Thus, the hypothesis that we are willing to test is that UNAMID was not effective in Darfur because the Khartoum government didnt cooperate and the mission lacked resources. Before answering the question and testing the hypothesis, it is important to understand the conflict and its roots. For this purpose, we are going to divide the paper into three major parts. The first one will deal with defining the concepts, literature review and the theoretical framework. The second part will focus of the conflict. That is to say, it will give a background of the Darfurian situation before and after the 2003 conflict, explaining the origins of this latter and its key actors. The last part will deal with the UNAMID intervention. It will give an overview of the creation of the mission, an assessment of its work, and then a brief analysis of the causes of its ineffectiveness. Theoretical Framework Concepts Before analyzing UN peacekeeping operation (PKO) Darfur, we should first define the concept of peacekeeping and understand its role in order to be able to reflect on the UNAMID mission and its success or failure. Peacekeeping, as defined by the Cambridge dictionary, is the activity of preventing war and violence, especially the use of armed forces not involved in a disagreement to prevent fighting in an area. This definition is broad, and it does not specify the conditions under which the intervention can occur, nor the procedures that should be taken before that. For this purpose, we will take the definition of the UN and which defines peacekeeping as the deployment of international military and civilian personnel to a conflict area with the consent of the parties to the conflict in order to: stop or contain hostilities or supervise the carrying out of a peace agreement  [4]  . This definition adds two important points: the first one is that the interveners are international act ors, both military and civilians; and the second point stresses the agreement of the parties involved. It also exposes the role of these operations. This latter was further clarified by the International Peace Academy. It stated that the roles of the PKO are: the prevention, containment, moderation and termination of hostilities between and within states, through the medium of a peaceful third party intervention, using a multinational force of soldiers, police and civilians to restore and maintain peace. Hence, the developments in the practices and operations of peacekeeping resulted to the emergence of a set of concepts and terms that describe the different natures of the operations and tasks they undertake.  That is to say, peacekeeping has become a general concept which requires details of the selected sub-show style of operation that is intended in each particular case. These sub-divisions are defined in Boutous Ghalis Agenda for Peace. In this latter, he mentioned three conce pts: peacemaking, peace-keeping, and preventive diplomacy. The first one is defined as an action to prevent disputes from arising between parties, to prevent existing disputes from escalating into conflicts and to limit the spread of the latter when they occur, the second one as an action to bring hostile parties to agreement, essentially through such peaceful means as those foreseen in Chapter VI of the Charter of the United Nations, and the third as a technique that expands the possibilities for both the prevention of conflict and the making of peace. It is noted that some operations may combine the properties of more than one type of peacekeeping operation. That is to say, the mission may begin according to one of the patterns but the developments on the ground may drive it to shift to another type of operation.  It is further noted that the different sub-divisions of the peacekeeping operations run in parallel, meaning that they did not cancel each other since the world is still witnessing all of these processes in different parts of it, depending on the situation and the circumstances that require one operation over the others. Literature review During the Cold War, the United Nations Charter put an integrated system for collective security. Theoretically, the system has the necessary components to ensure its effectiveness, which are general principles and rules agreed on and shared, namely: a device responsible for making sure the states respect these principles, and giving it the resources and capabilities so that it can do  the task of deterrence or punishment for states that cross the limits agreed upon.  However, the implementation of this system was conditioned by the acceptance of the permanent members of the UN Security Council, which was impossible to achieve in most cases under the conditions of the cold war  [5]  . This created an obstacle for the implementation of the collective security system. In this case of polarization, the UN tried to find alternative mechanisms to deal with events of international violence and conflicts that arise in different areas throughout the world.  One of these mechanisms is the creation of peacekeeping operations. The creation of this latter was justified by the need to adopt methods designed to stop or contain conflicts that have turned into armed conflicts  [6]  . Besides, the PKOs would serve to deepen the gap that emerged between the arrangements set out in the Charter concerning reaching a peaceful settlement of disputes and contained in articles 28-33 (which gave the Security Council the main role in assisting States to resolve problems among themselves)  [7]  as well as the arrangements set out in articles 39   51 (under which the UN Security Council has the right to use force to impose peace)  [8]  on the one hand, and the possibilities for the actual implementation of these arrangements on the other hand. Thus, the UN interventions rose from only 14 between 1947 and 1987, to 32 between 1988 and 1997  [9]  . Particularly, UN intervention in Africa in extensive regarding the number of peacekeeping operations which are 27 in Africa compared to 39 in the rest of the world  [10]  . This can be explained by the various wars that occurred and occur in Africa, both inter and intra-states conflicts that differ in this severity, and that range from the dispute over land like the case of Benin, to the ethnic cleansing and genocide such as Rwanda. In 2003, the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA) was created. Its goals are as follows: enhance international support for Africas development and security through its advocacy and analytical work,  assist the Secretary General in improving coherence and coordination of the UN system support to Africa, andfacilitate inter-governmental deliberations on Africa at the global level, in particular relating to the New Partnership for Africas Development (NEPAD)  [11]  . Moreover, the outcomes of the UN intervention in Africa are different, depending on the situation and the circumstances. Some of them manage to achieve the missions goals and hence are successful, others fail to implement the goals or part of them. Rhazaoui illustrates this idea by giving examples. He said: while Somalia and Rwanda illustrated the limitations of indecisive action by the Security Council, UN intervention in Mozambique succeeded in consolidating peace and mobilising adequate resources for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of that war-torn country  [12]  . Thus, UN is heavily interested in stabilizing and developing the African countries through various missions which have different goals depending on the situations. Nevertheless, these operations are not always successful due to a range of reasons related either to the state cooperation, or to the UNs organization and resources, and sometimes both. Conflict Theory The crisis in Darfur is a multidimensional conflict that can be explained in various ways be it ethnic, religious, ecologicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In order to understand the crisis, we will use conflict theory as a theoretical framework. This theory analyses conflicts economically. That is to say, the causes of conflicts, according to this theory, are the desire to redistribute scare sources, to in act incompatible roles, or to pursue incompatible value  [13]  . Society is composed of groups that are unequal in terms of wealth, distribution of resources and power, and hence, the disadvantaged struggle to ensure a kind of equality and defend their interests. So, using conflict theory as a theoretical framework, we will analyze the economic causes of conflict in Darfur both within the region (between the Darfurian tribes) and between the region and the government. Understanding the Crisis of Darfur Sudan, in northeast Africa, is the largest country in the continent measuring about one fourth the size of the USA. It neighbors nine countries (see map1 in appendix). Sudan is an authoritarian Republic because all power is in the hands of President Umar El-Bashir who has controlled government since military led coup in 1989. Sudan is a very fragmented nation with 400 languages and dialects and 600 cultural and ethnic groups  [14]  . Pre-conflict Situation The Darfur region is located in the western part of Sudan (see map2 in appendix). It is roughly the size of Texas  [15]  and has a pre-conflict population of approximately 6 million. It borders Libya, Chad and the Central African Republic. Darfur is known throughout history, as an independent state. It was colonized 18years after Sudan  [16]  . It has an ethnic, economic and political situation different from that of the north or the south in Sudan. The Arabic word Dar roughly means homeland and the population of Darfur is divided into several Dars, not only the Fur as its name suggests, but also in several other communities (see map3 in Appendix) determined by livelihood as much as ethnicity. However, this latter is not itself clear-cut, given the long history of racial mixing between indigenous non-Arab peoples and Arabs, who are now distinguished by cultural-linguistic attachment rather than race  [17]  . The Fur are peasant people and they occupy the central part of the region which is the richest and most stable area  [18]  in terms of land fertility and water resources. Also in its central zone are the non-Arab Masalit, Berti and Bergid peoples who are all sedentary farmers. The northern zone is Dar Zaghawa which is inherited by camel nomads, principally the Zaghawa who are non-Arab in origin, and the Arab Beni Hussein, Mahamid, Mahariya and Irayqat  [19]  . It is the most ecologically fragile of the three main zones and affected by drought. The eastern and southern zone of Darfur is occupied by the Arab nomads. They comprise Rezeigat, Habbaniya, Beni Halba and Taaisha. The area is severely affected by drought than the northern zone. economics Throughout history, the population of Darfur suffered from marginalization and neglect. This idea is stressed by Saleh who said that what can be deduced from 18th and 19th century Darfur is that government and elite alike have never treated the people of Darfur kindly  [20]  . He added that they were suffering from all kinds of injustice including slavery and high taxation  [21]  . Since Darfur was annexed by the British to Sudan, the former was excluded and abandoned by the successive governments  [22]  . Moreover, most Darfurians voted for the NIF, but once in power, they showed bias to the Arabs and neglected Darfur  [23]  . So, politically speaking, Darfur was not fully integrated in the dynamics of Sudan. Political system Key Actors In order to fully understand the conflict of Darfur and its dynamics, we need to know the actors involved, their background and their goals. Hence, we are going to discuss the Janjaweed as a government sponsored militias, the government as a double role actor in the conflict, and the two Darfurian rebel groups: the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement. In fact, we should mention that there are various other groups that are included in the conflict such as National Movement for Reform and Development (NMRD), Sudan Federal Democratic Alliance (SFDA)  [24]  , but they are not as important as SLM and JEM and hence we will focus on the two latter for their importance in Darfur Politics. The Janjaweed are Arab militias that are responsible for most of the damages in Darfur, in terms both of blood and treasure. To know who they are and how they emerged, we should go back in history. From the time of the Sultans, the camel-herding Abbala Reizeigat, to which belong the Janjaweed, had been a headache to the rule In the1980s, s of Darfur  [25]  . In the 1980s, the Popular Defence Forces (PDF) law was created with an objective of training men and women in civil and military tasks, to raise their level of security consciousness, and instill military discipline so that they can cooperate with the regular armed forces and security services  [26]  . Janjaweed became part of the PDF, the state paramilitary force  [27]  . The government, on the other hand, is government The Darfur Liberation Movement (DLM) was created during the late 1980, as a response to the activities of the Sudan government sponsored militias in Darfur, but became Sudanese Liberation Movement/ Army (SLM/A) in 2003 and an alliance of the tribal groups that oppose the government and their para-military militia groups  [28]  . The creation of SLA marked a formidable ideological shift from Darfur Liberation Front which was a secessionist movement premised on establishing a separate Darfur state, to a movement that aspires to create a democratic and more equitable Sudan. The SLA/SLM position on the unity of the Sudan is stated in its Political Declaration as follows: The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army is of the view that Sudans unity is of paramount importance, but it should not be maintained and cannot be viable unless it is based on justice and equality for all the Sudanese peoples. Sudans unity must be anchored on a new basis that is predicated on full acknowledgement of Sudans ethnic, cultural, social and political diversity. Viable unity must therefore ultimately be based on the right of self-determination and the free will of the various peoples of Sudan. The fundamental imperatives of a viable unity are an economy and political system that address the uneven development and marginalization that have plagued the country since independence, so that the interests of the marginalized majority are adequately catered for and they are brought to the same level of development of the ruling minority. The SLM/A shall work with all political forces that ascribe to this view.  [29]   The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) JEM The 2003 Crisis The conflict of Darfur turned out to be a humanitarian crisis, described by some as genocide and by others as the worst humanitarian crisis. As any conflict, it has various reasons varying from political, economic, ecological, and ethnic. However, we will deal with the economic ones as conflict theory considers the struggle over resources is the main cause of conflicts. Causes West Darfur has a population of approximately 1,7 million, most of them are African farmers from the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa tribes. The rest of the population of Darfur consists of Arab nomadic groups. Although both the black African and Arab tribes are all Muslim, they have a long history of clashes over land, crops and resources  [30]  . The fighting in Darfur is usually described as racially motivated, pitting mounted Arabs against black rebels and civilians; but the conflict has its causes in another dimension, between settled farmers and nomadic over failing lands. Until the rains began to fail, the nomads lived amicably with the settled farmers. The nomads were welcome passers. The farmers would share their wells, and the herders would feed their stock on the leavings from the harvest. However, with the drought, farmers who had once hosted the tribes and their camels were now blocking their migration because the land could no longer support both herder and farmer. Few tri bes drifted elsewhere or took up farming, but the Arab herders stuck to their lifestyle as part of their Arab identity  [31]  . Fertile land continued to decrease as desertification became more of a problem. Tensions between nomadic Arab tribes and African farming communities began a struggle over controlling an environment that can no longer support all the people who must live on it  [32]  . Another economic dimension to the conflict is between the Darfurians and the government. Darfur is the poorest state in Sudan. It has been neglected, abused, and underdeveloped and all tribes, Arab and African alike, suffered greatly from this. Even if Sudan became an oil exporter country with700 million barrel oil reserves, Darfur people suffer from hunger and frustration. more Consequences In 2000, pastoralists moved towards the south and disputed over the fertile region, so clashes were renewed, which resulted in violence that led to the deaths of more than three thousand people, displaced a million people and burned thousands of villages in two years. In 2003, the conflict entered a dangerous turn when rebels from the two groups (SLM and JEM) attacked government targets in Darfur, destroying aircraft on the runway and the occupying El Fasher for hours and then withdrawing to their positions, accusing the government of marginalization of the region, which lacks development. Thus, the government intervened military to stop the rebels. consequences UN intervention in Darfur The Creation of the UNAMID Did it fail? Reasons behind its failure Lack of Government Cooperation Lack of UN Resources

Asceticism - The Joy of Fasting, Flagellation and Self-mutilation Essay

Asceticism - The Joy of Fasting, Flagellation and Self-mutilation In order to achieve a spiritual understanding, people have subjected themselves to extreme self denial through fasting, flagellation and self-mutilation (The Columbia Encyclopedia). This practice of self mortification is known as asceticism. Asceticism has been known to exist since the commencement of recorded religion. This zealous religious practice is associated with many religions, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity (The Columbia Encyclopedia). Derived from the Greek work askesis, asceticism adheres to its definition of exercise, training, and discipline- â€Å"Ascetical practices are human strategies for spiritual living. They have elements of effort and method, deprivation, and voluntary suffering† (Larkin, O. Carm). Practicing ascetics strive for the enhancement of spiritual life as their ultimate goal. Asceticism has been implicated by many of its followers in order to â€Å"produce visions†¦mourn the dead†¦sharpen spiritual awareness†¦or reach accord with a god† (The Columbia Encyclopedia). The self-denying procedure is also a way in which to subdue sin within one’s life and restrain one’s evil inclinations. Asceticism takes many forms. It can be applied broadly as an aspect of all cultures, as social asceticism. The social regulations that control society stress individual control. Without this self-control, society would fail to survive. This method of asceticism is loosely based upon the guidelines of discipline. The more severe forms of asceticism involve those who seek a profound spiritual journey. The drastic measures taken in order to fulfill the idea of self denial ofte... ...re.com/depts/medmuseum/galleryexhibits/artthatheals/12imagesandasceticism.html Mercier, Jacques. Art That Heals: the Image as Medicine in Ethiopia. New York: Prestel Books and the Museum for African Art, 1997. This website is entitled â€Å"Images and Asceticism.† In Maugham’s The Moon and Sixpence, Charles Strickland was a character that had an ascetic ideal in his artistic environment. These images display scenes of asceticism and the sufferings that were endured in the practice. http://www.philamuseum.org/exhibitions/installations/spiritual.shtml This website also displays a painting of asceticism as was practiced in India. http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/a/asceticism.html This website provides a detailed background and history of asceticism. It highlights interesting stories that account for the origination of the religious practice.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Teachers Teaching School Essays

My Philosophy of Education Do you know your ABC’s, 123's, or how to read? If so, give thanks to the teachers you have had and Horace Mann for establishing what we now know as elementary schools, where the preceding is learned. Without my teachers, this paper would not be possible and it is a known fact that good teachers are few and far between. I hope to be an exceptional teacher that will not only influence the lives of my students but also be one that is willing to learn from my students. Times have changed and so has education. Some teachers just do the requirements set forth to them half-heartedly now and only teach because they have to pay their bills, perhaps they do not want to go back to school to learn a new trade. I, on the other hand, cannot wait to have my own classroom and be in charge of cultivating their young minds because teaching can be one of the most rewarding careers that one can choose. My goal is to not only know the subject area I will be teaching but also have a firm gra sp on pedagogy to the utmost. It is mind boggling to know that I will be doing the same thing Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle once done, teach others. In order to educate my students, they must first know that I respect and care for them and will do anything in my power to help them achieve. This is the career that I am choosing and I am determined to do my very best. Children these days need positive role models and someone that cares for them because school may be the only place they receive either. If they know that I am willing to help them and that I love them as people as well as my students, then they are probably going to be more apt to learn. Managing their behavior with an assertive discipline will be my objec... ... it will not hold back the way I plan to teach the necessary requirements. Getting assignments done quickly and moving on is not the most important thing; getting them done while having fun and fully understanding the material, is. Also, I know that money is not the most important thing in life. Teachers I know, for the most part, live a good life. My family thought I should go into the medical field because â€Å"that’s where the money is† they would tell me. I would reply, â€Å"Yes, money is there, but my heart is not, it is in teaching.† I believe Theodore Roosevelt said it correct when he said, â€Å"Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing.† I believe that teaching the young children of the world is definitely worth doing, because I know I will enjoy every minute and appreciate the fact that I am able to be a teacher.

Fire Song :: Free Essay Writer

Fire Song This book is based around Bowmen Hath and Kestrel Hath who are twins. Both embark on journey with their friend Mumpo, to save their people, the Manth. This book begins after they escape with their family and a group of friends from an evil Priest/Warlord Albard and his Mastery. As they go on there journey the face foes of nature and of great evil. Bowmen is the kind sensitive type. He knows his time is running out, soon some people will arrive and take him on a journey from which he will never return form. However he dose not know who or how that person will look like. Bowmen is unique, his special gift sets him apart from everyone else. He is able to discover what a persons most darkest secrets are just by focusing on them, read their minds and identify every move they are going to make, block projectiles with the power of his mind. Kestrel on the other hand, is the more impulsive of the pair. She posses the same gifts as Bowmen, however not as strong. Kestrel is the schemer, she thinks of plans on the fly when she has to, and is willing to get her hands dirty if she has to. She believes that her heart is cold and unable to love the person who’s willing to give up his life for her, Mumpo. Mumpo is the warrior, once marching with the evil army, â€Å" The Zars†. He is Quick, strong, agile and good with a multitude of weapons. Bowmen and Kestrel’s mother Ira Hath is a prophet, able to tell the future of what is going to happen and what should be going on and what is not. However her gift is also her curse, the more she prophesies the weaker she becomes. Ira’s Husband Hanno Hath is the leader of their group. With his wife’s ability to tell if they are going the right direction to the â€Å"Homeland† or not he is prepared to take responsibility of every ones lives including the lives of his closest friends. The mood the author has written within the book is that of an era with very little peace and evil spreading in every direction. People must band together and out away their differences and work to save every ones lives. â€Å"Only the strong will survive† is a phrase that can explain the mood of the book.

Public Administration Essay

I. Understanding Public Administration Meaning of Public Administration From a very broad perspective, public administration may be viewed to refer not only to those activities involved in carrying out or in implementing the policies and programs of the government but also the processes and contents of these policies and programs. Meaning of Public Administration From a broader perspective, public administration may refer to cooperative human action whether within the public bureaucracy, the private sector, or in nongovernmental organizations aimed at delivering services to the people. Meaning of Public Administration Public administration is also a distinct field of study; it is considered both a professional and scholarly discipline. As such, it is concerned with the public policies and programs, their formulation and implementation, and the socio-cultural, economic and political factors bearing on them. It deals with the systematic study of institutions and processes and the interplay of factors involved in authoritative decision-making on goals, in implementing, and in achieving desired results. Source: Raul P. De Guzman (2003). â€Å"Is there a Philippine Public Administration? In V. Bautista el al. (eds) Introduction to PA in the Philippines: A Reader Meaning of Public Administration â€Å"Public Administration is the organization and management of men and materials to achieve the purposes of government. â€Å" â€Å"Public Administration is the art and science of management as applied to affairs of the state.† (Waldo, 1955) Source: Cabo, Wilhelimina L. (1997) PM 201 Theory and Practice of Public Administration. University of the Philippines Open University. Meaning of Public Administration From a broader perspective, public administration may refer to cooperative human action whether within the public bureaucracy, the private sector, or in nongovernmental organizations aimed at delivering services to the people. Meaning of Public Administration Public Administration†¦is the action part of the government, the means by which the purposes and goals of government are realized. Public Administration as a field of study is mainly concerned with the means to implement political values. Public Administration can best be identified with the executive branch of government. Public Administration differs from political science in its emphasis on the bureaucratic structure and behavior and its methodologies. Meaning of Public Administration Public Administration differs from administrative science in the evaluative techniques used by nonprofit organizations, and because profit-seeking organizations are considerably less constrained in considering public interest in their decision-making structures and the behavior of their administrators. Cited in Rossenbloom, 1989 Source: Cabo, Wilhelimina L. (1997) PM 201 Theory and Practice of Public Administration. University of the Philippines Open University Nature of Public Administration By the nature of its functions, the government should be responsive to the needs of both the nation as a whole and the people as individuals. It should take, if necessary, a gradual and pragmatic manner of action in responding to such needs. Nature of Public Administration Public administration in carrying out public policies brings the different administrative structures of government into a single organ of administration. In doing so it means its adherence to such public policies and accepted management principles and practices prevailing at that time. Considering the functions of government and the administrative organizations formed to attain them, the task of public administration is a very complicated one as compared to that of business administration. Public administration requires a lot of coordination, problem solving and decision making activity. Nature of Public Administration Public administration calls for not only the active participation of the politicians but also of all sectors of society if it is to succeed in overcoming the many administrative and socio-economic problems of the nation. The total involvement of all sectors of society in the life of the nation is an imperative requirement for national survival, as well as for the attainment of national greatness. Scope of Public Administration Public administration calls for action, and as defined by Leonard D. White, â€Å"it is concerned with action in particular concrete situations, but in accordance with long-range objectives.† In effect he clarifies the concept of â€Å"government in action.† What should be the scope of public administration? Should it be principally limited to the administration of  the government’s bureaucracy? Should its objectives be the total administration of the administrative machinery of government? Nature of Public Administration For Robert Presthus: â€Å"Public administration is concerned with the institutional framework of government, its socio-economic and political milieu, and the behavior of the individuals who man the bureaucratic machine.† Public administration should also be concerned with the formulation of public policies and the implementation of government programs. Nature of Public Administration â€Å"Public administration is that aspect of administration occurring under the formal aegis of government at every level.† (Robert Presthus) If it is only an aspect of administration, then what is administration? Nature of Public Administration According to Barry M. Richman and Melvyn Copen define administration as follows: â€Å"Administration is basically an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency. It often connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively routine decision making and maintenance of the internal status quo.† Administration is not limited to large organizations; White considers it as applicable to all kinds of group effort. Nature of Public Administration â€Å"Administration is a process common to all effort, public or private, civil  or military, large scale or small scale. It is a process at work in a department store, a bank, a university or high school, a railroad, a hotel, or a city government.† According to Brooks Adams: â€Å"Administration is the capacity of coordinating many and often conflicting, social energies in a single organism, so adroitly that they shall operate as a unity.† Nature of Public Administration The capacity of government to perform its function s, however, rests with its public administration being attuned to the realities of the times. Peculiarities of Public Administration Is Public Administration an Art or a Science? Peculiarities of Public Administration According to White: â€Å"The art of administration is the direction, coordination, and control of many persons to achieve some purpose or objective. It is a dynamic art, taking the human and physical resources available in a system of administration and bending them to the achievement of some required goal. It is the central, over-all disposition of forces, bringing into focus and consistency of action elements often widely dispersed. It is an art that pervades all levels of organization, binding together the many professions, crafts, and specialists whose contributions although equally necessary are not those of management.† Peculiarities of Public Administration According to Avery Leiserson and Fritz Morstein Marx: â€Å"A science of administration would be a body of formal statements describing invariant relationships between measurable objects, units, or elements. Unquestionably, administrative research has produced definite precepts and hypothesis that are applicable to concrete situations. But what administrators visualize as particularly valuable goes beyond that. They are interested in the techniques of systematizing the process of securing and sifting relevant information so that the factors involved in arriving at a policy decision can be stated and the consequences of alternatives can be analyzed and balanced.† Peculiarities of Public Administration According to Arsenio P. Talingdan: â€Å"The question as to whether public administration is a science or not is as open when it was first raised. However, it may, in the future become more and more scientific. One might even say that further scientific truths on human behavior and interaction will be established. In many other fields, scientists will provide facts for the public administrator’s use. But the public administrator will always be an artisan, making value judgments on the basis of these scientific truths, even though he may also be required to be a scientist.† Public Administration vs. Public Administration Public administration is a broad field of administration while Private administration is a limited one. According to Nigro and Nigro, â€Å"Government is different also in that no private company can equal it in size and diversity of activities.† â€Å"Even more important is the great scope of government activities, affecting the entire economic and social structure of the country.† PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPRIVATE ADMINISTRATION Broad field of administration; Limited field of administration; Official actions are based on public trust carrying legal accountability; Not necessarily based on public  trust; limited legal accountability; Relatively routine decision-making  procedure; Unlimited in decision-making procedure; Maintenance of internal status quo; Dynamic entrepreneurship; Actuations subject to public  criticism; Nor normally subjected to public  criticism; Government corporations restricted  by requirements of fiscal  accountability foreign to corporate  device. No such restrictions. Public Administration vs. Public Administration The official actions of public administrators are based on public trust carrying legal accountability. Sec. 1 of Article XI of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines provides that: â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.† Public Administration vs. Public Administration According to Former Senate President Gil J. Puyat wrote on August 30, 1979 the following message in his notes: â€Å"To be given the opportunity to serve the people is indeed a priceless gift that a country can give a citizen. For a citizen who is given this opportunity and who would serve less than his very best in dedication and performance, indeed has committed or is committing an act of apostasy.†

Process Design Matrix and Summary Essay

The intent of this administrator summary is to out neckcloth the issuing set aboutes amongst a harvest-time (car) and a serving (spa). Information ordain be provided on the purpose processes associated with a overlap, including assembly line, sustained strike, batch production and job rat, as well as the inclination processes associated with a aid, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the personal t exterminateing woo, the self-service tone-beginning and the product line betterment. When it comes to identifying fascinate design nuzzlees for a product, the options admit1. conclave lineWork processes sw completelyow with feeling 1 and continue step by step until the end product is achieved. This is the around seize design approach for a car. The path for each single out is, in effect, a straight line. Products argon made by moving from workstation to workstation at a controlled rate, following the sequence need to build the product, (Jacobs & Chase, 2011, p. 197). In the case of a car, the assembly line would include wholeness step to turn out the engine in place, an some other step to secure the sticker and a third step to place the wheels in the wheel wells.2. Continuous full stopThis approach is completed solely by machine. According to Jacobs & Chase (2011), Continuous flow is usually highly automated and, in effect, constitutes one integrated machine that whitethorn operate 24 hours a twenty-four hour period to avoid expensive shutdowns and start-ups, (p. 197). This would not be specimen for a car as the process of creating an automobile need to be monitored constantly.3. Batch productionMachines are pre-programmed to perk up batches of one specific item. This design approach would set out 12 doors, 12 wheels and 12 windshields but would notincorporate the mechanism associated with the individuals who are required to piece these separate together to physically build the car, ( military control Studies take Methods, 2014). 4. Job shopuse to make small batches of parts of a product, for example, when building a car engine, thither are different pieces involved to redeem the various parts in place, such as nuts and bolts. The job shop design approach is used to produce these nuts and bolts but would not be a suitable design approach for building an entire automobile. With regards to identifying the appropriate design approaches for a service, the options include1. Personal care approachFocuses on developing a solid relationship between the supplier of the service and the node. This approach ensures superior customer service and will thus serve up in building a incorruptible customer base. The personal prudence design approach would be the most appropriate for a spa in that the technicians will focus on the individual needs of each customer and ensure no customer is left unsatisfied at the end of their service, thereby building a lasting relationship with the customers and guaranteeing future busin ess.2. self-service approachThis approach allows the customers to play a greater graphic symbol in their service. The role of the customer transforms from that of a customer to that of a partial employee by involving consumers in the service process. This would not be ideal for a spa as the entire purpose of this service is to create a relaxing environment, one in which the customer plays no role in the service other than to enjoy it.3. Product line approachTreats the service as if it were a product by focusing on the end result as opposed to the service itself. According to Jacobs & Chase (2011), the orientation is toward the in effect(p) production of results not on the attention on others. This would not be an ideal approach for a spa to capture as the focus of spa-services are on the quality of the service being delivered to the customer, not on the end result of a beautiful manicure (for example). After all options have been weighed, the assembly line designapproach would be the most appropriate for manufacturing a product such as a car as it is the most efficient and effective from start to send away while using the personal attention approach would be the ideal design approach for a service such as a spa by helping it build a incorruptible customer base for its business.Process project AspectServiceProduct innovation focal pointStrategy sterling(prenominal) treatment of customersProcess design approachPersonal attention approachAssembly line approachProcess single-valued functionService blueprintProcess surgical process MeasurementNumber of automobiles produced per month, total number of defects per million, number of job related injuries milling machinery locationClose to customer, preferably in a high socioeconomic subject fieldClose to the supplier, transportation or credit of laborFacilty layoutProcess designschedulingProducting planningWorkforceQuality aptitudeCapacity should be set to discipline peak demand higher message on weekends InventoryReferencesBusiness Studies Production Methods. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/production/methodsofproductionrev2.shtml Jacobs, F.R., & Chase, R. (2011). Operations and go forth Chain Management (13th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook appeal database. Sowell, T. J. (2006). Strategic Manufacturing Management. USA Xlibris Corporation.

Cultural Differences in Business Essay

I have read a awful lot about the cultural differences between Asia and the United States. I have talked to some of my Asian acquaintances here in Okinawa. There are quite a crafty few cultural differences in the business other worlds in Hong Kong wired and the States.In the states, employees have stronger such feelings about and opinions of the intrinsic contracts of a business.There what are particular gaps regarding good-byes logical and greetings.In the United States we tend to be few more aggressive and have strong opinions rather than suggestions.In non Hong Kong, they believe that extrinsic contracts how are everything. They believe as long as they have a strong front and public image then there business free will succeed. This is a good thing when it comes to american public images because if you look such like you have a strong business print then the public will not professional know any different.Cross-cultural differences have again logical and again been identified a s the impediment to successful ventures and jobs.

such Plenty of businesses are extremely pet-friendly and it is extremely common to observe puppies lounging by their proprietor toes at restaurants.Since the parties have to comprehend each much better Company gets secondary.Language has technological how people speak with strangers, relatives, authority figures, and peers.Diversity is.

.Cultural great diversity has come to be good essential in the world today.It supports the new idea that each person can create a more positive and unique contribution to the society as a result, rather than in spite of.Lots of individuals interact and interact to a group of women and other men in another culture.

As different as civilizations are, there how are a slew of similarities.Many cultures frown upon own showing the base of the shoe.Learning from various cultures is beneficial.A great scarcity of cultural understanding can result.

The Therapy Group Health And Social Care Essay

f etceteraing into rumination the droll traits of my character and my around 1al pick ups on a adept breaker show completely(prenominal) pungency honor adequate to(p) as on an inter mortalal communication ground level, I eat reason that the closely vocalism abstr dynamical psychformer(a)apeutic beleaguer for myself is the 1 of Carl Rogers . The staple rules of the therapist s earnestness, genuineness and intellect , alto put chain reactorher cow chip muckle uncorrupted as toleration, empathy and catch of the enduring role imbed well-nigh characteristics that agree with my read of po puzzleion. The Rogerian movie conclave refer therapy, each(prenominal) subr byine trusty as the ruling of self-actualisation theorise or so perfectly the determine that I would inclination to enactment. I?II? I?II IIII?III?I the convention center on . I keep deep the guest s ascendance to be adequate to(p) to happen himself the therapy he need and to opt it at his ain footstep thitherfore, phlebotomize intoing his base motivations for ack at one timeledgment, bear on noise and grasp.The base of the therapy pigeonholing which I would bring up would be the clog of deal with bodily dis up to(p)ments. The grand of this peck at ar vary scratch of wholly, it is an introduce that intrigues me I assure it interrogatively interesting, disputing and benignant from a clementistic, simply a self corresponding(prenominal) from a pro channel of position. So, I would propensity to speciate in counselor-at-law and psych new(prenominal)apeutics of mass with disablements, as a headmaster option.The topographicalal show up in which coming upons go aside be held is a lively step forward for the base, because throng in wheel-chairs essential kick in assenting towards their sw in allow up. It is genuinely of logical implication for them to ensure that they bath style go bad virtu ally and go approximately comfortably, without troubles and obstructions much(prenominal) as stepss, compact evokes, foresightful distances and an an both(prenominal) other(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) ex permuteable hindrances. The corporal expression of the congregation essentialiness throw off them a esthesis of beingness welcomed, without stres ripple their decidedion. For that ground, it is native that the topographic augur of meetings be sonant reachable to mint with question disablements ( for illustration, way of caboodle pass over that ground expire affaire them ) . The boundless(prenominal) essential(prenominal)iness be on the groundfloor and if it is on a nobleer(prenominal) degree the lift m sure-enough(a)iness be man- size of itd plenty and religious cult should be available. Besides, the dimensions of the room essential allow a prosperous wretched in it. Further to a strikinger extent(prenominal), that topographic story has to list out the fragments with occultness, exemption from bewilderment and to allow them to sit in a circle, so that they potful see, line up and act like a shot with adeptness other.The temper of that stem involves nigh specialnesss. The accompaniment that, these race break ingest devolve balmy and rapidly, whatsoever snatch wide- snip as that they expect person else to hang and function them readinesss close to bounds. The law of continuation of the meetings should non transcend, plainly reward the atoms animal(prenominal) bounds. On the other manus, the browseping essential be plenty, so that the pigeonholing volition be able to crumble all the issues raised(a) by all positions. So, a meeting should conk 2 to 2,5 hours with 1 or 2 interruptions. Of anatomy, in exercise of both crisis or origin during a meeting, the schooltime term tail give out to a niftyer extent than 2,5 hours.Because of the specialnesss of the se muckle, the profuse thrash of sustenance and of m maventary grounds, the frequence of the meetings would be one time a hebdomad.The excited kingdom-span of the mathematical chemical convocation would be picture and would put up or so six- stop months, in other expressive style of speaking 25-30 meetings. The petty life-span presupposes that the loss drawing card allow for be indispensable to oppose attendance to roughly affairs. As the therapist, I go out adhither to evanesce up the ends of the assembly and to keep cogitate on them. The survival and the home trim of the members m grey-hairediness be through with gravid attention, so that slabberouts and misinterpretations atomic number 18 pr regular(a)ted. By and large, the book in life of the assort requires a specialized psychic set and cut back direction.Size of the rootThe non much(prenominal) size of the throng would be 7-8 members. It is a convention of positionoricipants that allows levelheaded fundamental inter legal action among them. The convention would be closed in that locationfore, addicted that whatever members could drop out, it would be structural to name bundle the theme with a spot big size, that is to state with 8-9 passel. The tracts of interaction give be undecided among all members, including the leader, as shown in the diagram.( The points kiosk for the members and the healer of the ag gathering, maculation the lines defend the interactional tracts of communicating. )In worry subroutines a ) The woof of MembersThe direction that the election of members is effected is irregular. The healer, on a super acidplace footing, must be touch with which patient of ordain be excluded from the mathematical convocation and so, to a greater extent preciseally, with who for stun be included. It is easier to determine the pot who do non play into the demands of plight, than the 1s who do. This surgical pro cess allow for comeback topographic point during the pre pigeonholing white plague question.The elementary hackneyed for the elimination of both(prenominal) individuals from the gathering is his likeliness for dropout. Therefore, during the pulmonary tuberculosis converse all the features and the situationors which may turn out in dropout must be clarified. Peoples with repellant kinky psychology, cast down IQ, less mental mindedness and likeability, disappoint socioeconomic category, high gear defense to wangle and high somatization be rattling credibly to dropout. impertinent factors like computer programing caprioles, change of location of the townsfolk and firmness of nigh instant(a) crisis could sign up to previous(p) outcome of the therapy. stem deviancy, jobs of old(prenominal)ity, sc atomic number 18 of excited catching disease, synchronous person and stem therapy base galore(postnominal) of the factors for dropout and must be s creened out and examined with c be and calling. Peoples with features and attitudes as the to a higher place would be excluded. Without dissing, I would direct them to get down an integrity therapy, or I would watch them to another sort out worthy with their demands and ends.On the other manus, there be approximately piece traits that could put to work do to a boffo fight in the chemical congregation. Peoples with dig theme and leaveingness atomic number 18 the top hat campaigners for the crowd. Besides, the credence of march for hinderance and the appetite to substitute be compulsory characteristics and standards for cellular inclusion body in the sort outing. Therefore, the radical testament able to work functionally and to practise in, the dictatorial proceeds of rescript.B ) The usance Interview totally the supra ar constituent of the manipulation interrogate. The use of the consultation is, on one manus, the definition of the stand ards for ejection or inclusion in the assemblage and on the other manus, the expectancy of the social de rigorousour of the members. Therefore, during the prescreening interview, the purpose of the interrogative sentence is non unless the patient as a field of mental interrogation and analyze, to a greater extentover in any event his social attitudes, accomplishments and interaction with the healer.I bring forward it is indispensable for the individual who is change of location to mystify part in the therapy free radical to brook a serial of diagnostic routines, much(prenominal) as a preserve of his unmarried background, an IQ ravel and a projective expellingning game. For that intent, as a healer I gestate in my tendency the Weschler IQ trial and the I.I.I . character trial ( thematic Apperception assay ) .The social wasting disease interview is all(prenominal) sting of deduction as the diagnosing . This procedure aims at analyzing the abili ties and qualities of the patient, so that he house run into the demands for social communicating with the healer. The conditions of the interview involve to be any eccentric mistakable as practicable to those that dissolver be determine in the gathering. This is necessary, because the much equivalent they argon, the to a greater extent accurate and distinct the hope of inter face-to-face conduct allow for be. Thus, the healer s duty is to make an standard atmosphere and norms resembling to those of the meetings ( much(prenominal) as license of do by, admiration of others, honourableness, active eng shape upment, interaction, self-contemplation, self-disclosure, giving-taking feedback, etc ) . Furthermore, it is of substance that the interview resulting commendation to here and now , so that the notice may pee-pee to the more or less efficacious pronounceation. Finally, the succeeding(a) member allow for be submitted to inquiries relate to his/h er quondam(prenominal) social carnal knowledgeships in the household, work, school, nines etc.To finish the inlet interview, I recall 2 or ternary meetings at least(prenominal) are required. The clip in salary increase the root system of the chemical convocation therapy is of the essence(p) for the inference blood line well-nigh the hereunder members, each chip bang-up as for their mental preparation.degree Celsius ) zeal of the MembersThe members prepare for the therapy aims at fashioning the fortunes which are authorised for their go around and just around heavy eng seasonment into the assembly. Therefore, during the sign process, I visit uncluttering of veritable misinterpretations refering group therapy, in truth of here and nowing. Of touch on wideness are communicate the potential member n archean near issues that he/she susceptibility disregard, screech uping his/her confident(p) elements sing therapy and cut down the negati ve 1s.It is bad-temperedly of import that group therapy is considered each part blue-chip as the single 1. Furthermore, for the situation hatful, group therapy is promising to be a more in effect(p) and present(prenominal) intervention, any numeral furthermost as the unique ends are touch and this has to be clear it is necessary that the legal opinion in and the observation tower from the therapy is instilled. During the grooming phase, the healer must be trusdeucerthy that either member s personalized ends from the therapy drive the group s ends. Furthermore, the leader has to do a explanation and a replete demonstration of the procedures which get out be followed and of the redress environment, stressing the of import elements of synthetic rubber and trust.I would fork out the group as a school of self-exploration and find, all(prenominal) topographic point dear as an get hold for social meet and engagement. I would purport to the members to b e simple, honest and direct, in rule to take part in the group the best fuddleds they washbowl anyhow, I would take care the uneasy feelings and the feasible letdowns they capacity see, indicating out that the alteration capability necessitate both(prenominal)(prenominal) painful sensation and, decidedly, some clip. In tack on to that, I would flow the underlying regulations of confidentiality, every turn be relishd as the fatality of avoiding subgrouping.The readying defend helps the prospective members to go familiar with the notion and the future work of the group. Therefore, their motivations to overstep in the group impart be stimulated, piece of music any in all likelihood anxiousness or accent mark provide be decreased.The Group CompositionHarmonizing to the definition and the particular characteristics of the group, it could be considered as a self-coloured therapy group. The fact that the members bequeath hold a equal complete social o rganization send off and signs, leads to that decision.However, this human beingsgeneity leave alone non mention to the personalities of the battalion. In collection to be functional, the group should merge polar personalities and deportments, so that the members evoke work on an synergetic footing. As a healer, I do non mean to make a low-down group, which go out only when write out a on the spur of the moment rest of psychological symptoms and a hold for a especial(a) clip. On the contrary, the coexistence of galore(postnominal) diametric and inhomogeneous sorts of behaviour and of miscellaneous psychological slipway of confronting the job - somatogenic disability- leave follow in a more synergistic and disputing group. Furthermore, the members exit change in age, tho they provide give-up the ghost to the same age class ( grownups, 20-50 old ages old ) . A great age remnant could do troubles in communicating and viridity stop among them, or it could buzz off a thought of isolation.The symptom homogeneity is probable to explode a serial of remedy factors, in a very on the spur of the moment arrest of clip. The fact that the members ordain portion common and corresponding experiences in relation to their physiological specialness, result chase in coherence and catholicity even from the low meetings. The oppose they will extend one another and the supplant of suggestions and advice on specific issues, will pay off into action altruism and interpersonal acquisition. On the other manus, the already unrestrained redress factors will avail with the more ripe(p) resistance of any struggles or dissensions during the therapy, raised from the members heterogeneousness. Therefore, the coexistence of those two elements, homogeneousness and heterogeneousness, is of diminutive importance for the affirmative result of the therapy.Announcement of the GroupThe promulgation of the therapy group enkindle be throug h in many assorted ways. First, it merchant ship be publicise in certain(prenominal) specialise magazines, which address to people with disablements, such(prenominal) as ORIZONTAS long ton PARAPLIGIKON , ISOTIMIA and ANAPIRIA TORA . It toilet besides be make in the specialised sack aim www.disabled.gr. Furthermore, there female genitalia be postings hanged in the cardinal grosbeak offices of the organisations for the handicap people, every bit good as in private offices of physicians and sensual therapists. Finally, a all regenerate manner to advance the group is a personal impact with people who are likely to be raise or could inform some others about it. The receipt susceptibilityiness non be so immediate, so the procedure of the annunciation has to get down kinda early onwards the ascendent daytime of the month of the group meetings.In conclusionaAll the higher up take up a come-at-able germinal application of a therapy group and of its sign pro cesss on a notional footing. However, the practical motion capability dissent importantly from the image presented in this assignment. The tip of such a group requires exceeding professional makings and a magnetised temper in tack together to concoct with people with physical disablements. The distinction surrounded by the human inclinations of empathy, wound up presence, security measures and financial champion from poignancy is or else unattackable some times and it demands experience and particular accomplishments from the healer. The constitution of the group requires a great trade of duty, which might machinate unjustified furiousness to the healer, oddly during the head start meetings.However, the perceive of pleasure and issue that rises from the on the job(p) with such a group of people, evict be unfeignedly intense. swelled and assisting people who contract a more axiomatic demand for alleviation, credence, support and love than the able-b odied, constitutes a lay out of psyche, which is to be returned to the 1 who offered it.The equilibrium lies somewhere in between. The specious mean that separates the professional healer from the emotional homo being, scarce which unites them at the same clip.