Edgar Allan Poe Paper Essay

Poe’s Writes his writing based on his real life, and makes it shocking, scary just like how his life was. His life leads him to write his literature like horror, scary, and more. Poe was alone after his mother death. He wrote a poem named â€Å"Alone† that he wrote related to how he felt he was alone. Poe didn’t like his foster father, and didn’t get along with him. He wanted revenge on his foster father. A letter that he wrote to John Allan called â€Å"Letter to John Allan† That letter described how he felt about his foster father. All the literature he wrote was related to his own life experience. In Poe’s literature he has always one character that dies at the end. Poe always thought that his foster father insulted him a lot. He wrote a story name â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† which was similar to how he felt about his foster father. That story was about two persons, and one of them thought that the other insulted him, so he w anted revenge. That was the same thing that Poe wanted to do to his foster father. The death of Poe’s mother really impacted his life, and his writing. In the poem â€Å"Alone† he wrote that â€Å"From childhood’s hour I have not been as other were†¦.† That meant that he didn’t had the childhood like others had. Most children’s have parents but he didn’t he was alone by himself. His life was full of tragedy, so was his literature. For example the poem â€Å"Alone† that he wrote had this â€Å"Then in my childhood in the dawn of a most stormy life†¦.† That meant he has a life full of tragedy, and his life was very hard staring from childhood. Edgar Allan Poe’s life was one of many sorrows and difficulties, filled with death of close family members and many broken loves. Poe wanted a revenge on his foster father. He wrote a letter to him that described how he felt about him. Poe didn’t get along with his foster father because he thought John Allan was loose, and John Allan didn’t leave a penny for Poe before John Allan’s died. In the letter he wrote â€Å"Send me I entreat you some money immediately, as I am in the greatest†¦.† That line meant he wanted some money, he was asking for money from him. The letter that he wrote he showed no shame because he thought he deserved it for what John Allan said about him. For example in the letter he says â€Å"Again, I have heard you say (when you little thought I was listening†¦.† That line in the letter meant he has overheard John Allan say that â€Å"he meant nothing to him.† Poe’s foster father, John Allan was always insulting Poe. Poe had overheard him many times insulting him, so Poe wanted revenge, and didn’t care about the injuries John Allan had made. Poe’s story â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† is the best example of Poe thinking John Allan was insulting him, and Poe wanting revenge. In the story he wrote this quote â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That quote meant that Montresore wants a revenge, not for his injuries but for the insult, which was the same thing Poe wanted to do to John Allan. This story was related to wines; Poe was a man who drank a lot. In â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† Fortunato was the man that drinks a lot, which you could describe as Poe because Poe had a lot of tenses in life that made him start drinking, just like Fortunato. In conclusion, Poe’s writes his writing based on his real life and makes it shocking, scary like how his life was. His life leads him to write his literature like scary, horror, and more. The three main reasons that Poe wrote his writing like that were death of his mother; he wanted a revenge on his foster father, and his foster father insulting him. Poe’s life was full of tragedy, and so was his literature. Overall Poe’s real life really made a big impact on his literature.

Importance of Teachers Essay

A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where is influence stops. – Henry Adams Teaching is a timeless profession. It is the basis of all other professions. Good teachers plant seed that make good doctors, good accountants, good public servants, good statesmen, good taxi drivers, and good astronauts. When former students return to see me over the years, my heart fills up in the knowledge that I have been part of a wonderful accumulation of experiences that followed them through life. – Mary Bicouvaris. If your plan is for a year, plant rice. If your plan is for a decade, plant trees. If our plan is for a lifetime, educate children. – Confucius I am a teacher because of teachers. They showed me that someone other than my mother could love me. – Guy Doud In a completely rational society, the best of us would be teachers and the rest of us would have to settle for something else. – Lee Iacocca What else is needed is something that teachers themselves are reluctant to talk about openly and it’s our respect for them. It’s what is missing in America, and it’s what has been too long withheld from a profession so important to our national well being, as important as doctors or captains of industry or TV commentators. From sunup to sundown, the school teachers you have seen tonight work harder than you do – no matter what you do. No calling in our society is more demanding than teaching. No calling in our society is more selfless than teaching. No calling in our society is more central to the vitality of a democracy than teaching. – Roger Mudd To me the sole hope of human salvation lies in teaching. – George Bernard Shaw Each of these quotes speaks to me, not merely because I am a teacher, although that is part of it. Like Guy Doud, I am in part a teacher because of other teachers, and love – directly expressed or not – was certainly part of it. It was my AP American History teacher Thomas Rock who challenged me to live up to what I could do, and it was Music Professor John Davison who demonstrated the deep love for every student who passed through his care, including me. I hope that I return both lessons with my own students. I know the importance of respect. I cannot demand it from my students but must earn it, in large part by acting with respect towards them. It might be helpful were the media and many politicians and far too many parents not reinforcing a different attitude. In part it is because we do not pay teachers, and if they make so little, they cannot be that important, right? Except, as I might note, in one 45 minute period I spend more quality time with some of my students than they get from their parents, which is a different tragedy. Our society needs to reexamine how we value people, and not have such an emphasis on money and overt power. The Henry Adams quote is one I have long cherished. The affects of my own teachers continue on me today. And I have now taught long enough to be no longer be surprised at some of the students who come back to thank me. It worries me that some of my long-term affects upon students might not be so salutary, which is one reason I try to be aware of how my words and actions can have impact far beyond their immediate purpose. I am only in my 13th year of teaching, but am already experiencing some of what Mary Bicouvaris writes about. If you are a parent, you have every right to demand that your children’s teachers see them as individuals, but please remember yours may be one of almost 200 children that teacher deals with every day. If you want more personal attention for your child, demand smaller classrooms, lower student loads per teacher so that they are capable of giving that attention. If you are a policy maker, remember that the decisions you make can support or prevent the kind of teaching environment that makes a difference in the life of a child. Teaching is about much more than cramming information into heads so that it can be given back on high stakes tests which really do not tell us all that much useful information. All of us have had teachers. And even if we were too shy, or too stubborn, to express our thanks at the time, we can always drop a note or make a call, or if possible stop by and say hello, and thank those who made a difference for us. Sometimes we worry about the students who pass through our care, that we did not do enough, care enough, and it can help a teacher who is wondering whether to continue the struggle to hear of the differences s/he made. Sometimes that can be the one thing that keeps a teacher going for one more year. I know I can make a difference. And I am not making these requests on my own behalf. But while I claim to speak for no one except myself, I also acknowledge that I have a voice – and a keyboard – that seems to be able to express in ways others may not be able to, to reach eyes and ears and minds to which many do not have access. So this is my offering today. It is about the importance of teachers. You probably already know about that importance, but I figured a gentle reminder might not hurt. Peace.

Louis ghost armchair Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Louis ghost armchair - Assignment Example The Louis ghost is a modern chair with a medallion backrest for leisurely comfort, the chair is well balanced and suitable for indoor and outdoor use, fit for a king. Philippe Starck designed the Louis ghost armchair as a contemporary take on style of a French king Louis xv. The chairs are luxuries; comfortable and super stylish, hence it encompasses the elegance of royal taste on a peasant’s budget. Taking on a number of the styles of its original design, I find it more interesting that the Louis ghost armchair is designed modernly and very comfortable furniture. It was molded in durable and shock-resistant polycarbonate. The chairs are available in various colors that suit any interior or exterior setting. Rather than being made out of mahogany wood like its forerunner, it was created out of polycarbon, making the chair both lightweight as well as durable. The Louis ghost armchair also helps solve one worrying problem common with furniture, when moving or keeping. Unutilized furniture space is a key issue but with the Louis ghost armchair, this is solved as the design allows the chair to be slanted on top of the other with each fitting into the r hence occupying minimum space during transportation or storage. The ghost name comes from its transparent look giving it the illusion of a ghost. In this context, Louis ghost armchair is considered as a key contributor to art deco as its designing style is characterized by the use of modern technology with the use of new material, such as polycarbonate.

Is the NHS doing enough to combat hospital acquired infections Essay

Is the NHS doing enough to combat hospital acquired infections - Essay Example The first is transmission from pathogens that may be found on the surface of the hands of the health personnel. Secondly, the infections can also be transmitted through dirty air purification systems, contaminated water, unhygienic staff as well as improper physical layout of the hospital leading to congestion. The level of sickness of a patient and the length of time that he stays in hospital can also facilitate the transmission of pathogens (Davey P.  2005 pp. 33-37). Clostridium difficile is the most common hospital acquired infection that causes diarrhea. It occurs as a result of toxins produced by the bacteria which cause damage to the bowel thereby causing diarrhea. It is usually spread through contamination of surfaces with the bacteria from the stool of an infected person. Prevention can be achieved through cleanliness in the hospital surfaces and most importantly, washing of hands after visiting the toilet facilities. Staphylococcus aureus is also common bacteria which are found on the skin surface as well as inside the nose of even people who are healthy. The infections on the skin are normally minor with symptoms of boils.  In more complicated situations, the bacteria may result in fever, ache and serious infections. This usually occurs amongst people who have a frail immunity. As in C. difficile prevention of its spread includes promotion of hand hygiene. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Enterococci are bacteria that are usually found in the bowels of human beings as well as the skin. The infections may crop up anyplace within in the body, such as in the intestines and the urinary tract. These infections are usually difficult to treat. Control measures include tracking incidences and reporting on regular basis (Wenzel R, 2001 pp. 22-26). Clostridium difficile and MRSA are the most common hospital transmitted infections in the United Kingdom. The two kinds of infections are usually caused by improper hygienic practices amongst the patients and

Seminar in criminology classmate response 7 Essay

Seminar in criminology classmate response 7 - Essay Example I had a hard time understanding the connection between the authors of the article that Gaitan references and other names such as â€Å"Cassia Spohn and Jerry Cederblom†. In my opinion, it is not clear whether these are the authors of another article or researchers that are mentioned in Kalven and Zeisel’s article. Gaitan has also not provided the reader with enough information on how people from minority groups get sentenced to death. Gaitan has only mentioned the sentencing trends of African-Americans but there is no information on the sentencing trends of other minority groups in America. In my view, Gaitan should have also mentioned about the other sentencing trends of other minority groups, such as Asians, Arabs, Native-Americans and Mexican-Americans among others. In my view, this would have made a better representation of minority groups and how the judges made their decisions regarding each group. Gaitan has also mentioned that another study conducted by Larry Hembroff and James Unnever had similar results. In my opinion, it was also difficult to tell whether these were researchers in the article by Kalven and Zeisel (1996), or authors of a new article. Kalven, H., & Zeisel, H. (1966). The American jury. In A. Thistlethwaite & J. Wooldredge (Eds.), Forty Studies that Changed Criminal Justice: Explorations into the History of Criminal Justice Research (pp. 183-190). Boston: Little, Brown &

Operations Decision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operations Decision - Assignment Example The main difference between this Company and its main competitors is that it very tasty and good to look at low calorie food stuffs that are also healthy. With more and more people increasingly focusing on healthy eating, the company also manages to constantly outshine its key competitors that have much higher calorie foodstuffs. Most residents in the UK prefer low calorie foods since they are much more concerned about their health than in the previous years. This hands the company an added advantage over its competitors like KFC and Mac Fries that have higher calories food on their respective menus. Most of its customers are of the ages from 20 to 55 years coming from all the socio-cultural backgrounds. Amongst the two genders, women form the largest segment of their customers since they tend to watch their health and weight much more keenly than their male counterparts.. These refer to the internal and external factors that affect the company’s marketing opportunities. This analysis identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are significant in determining actions or aspects that are necessary for the marketing plan. The company tries to make good food in a simple and more sustainable manner while at the same time striving to meet its commercial goals. The company has ensured that it is capable of balancing the four main elements of marketing so as to achieve the above states objective. A successful product or service has to incorporate a distinctive marketing mix for it to be successful. The right mix of these elements will ensure the company has a higher chance of achieving this stated objective that leads to increased customer satisfaction. This consists of four P’s that include: product, price, place and promotion. In the food and beverage industry, the product has to look and taste good as well as constituting the right ingredients. The products’ prices also need to be

Market segmentation on event industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market segmentation on event industry - Essay Example However, it is worth noting that the marketing concept revolves around goal achievement, customer orientation as well as integrated efforts between the various marketing players (Quang, 2013, p. 6). Research studies that have been done in the recent past reveal that majority of modern marketing techniques are used to deal with consumers’ behaviors. The information that marketers get from the consumers is thus seen to be very important while deciding on the appropriate marketing procedures as well as practices in order to achieve efficiency within the market. This describes why majority of modern marketing revolves around consumer behavior while carrying out a market analysis, target market selection, market-mix determination as well as the marketing strategies mostly reliable within a certain market segment (Bello, 2008, p.1-4). This therefore explains the various marketing mechanisms that are in use today, and which are determined by the consumer behaviors exhibited. For inst ance, Singh and partners reason that human behaviors in purchasing as well as consumption are greatly influenced by attitudes or preconceptions about the specific product or service. This imply that consumers are driven by some preconceived ideologies about goods or services and this influences the decision making process by the consumers. Attitude would refer to the ideological conception that exist in one’s mind about the product and which greatly influence the buying habits of the consumer. They sought to study the consumer behavior and the green marketing through special focus on gasoline products. By collecting data through surveys and then analyzing them through regression method, the group found supportive evidence that the consumers’ behaviors have greatly influenced the marketing procedures within the context of gasoline products in that most preference is now banked on the environmental friendly gasoline products. This has therefore the implications that majo rity of suppliers of the energy products such as the gasoline products are driven to market their products in ways that are most appealing in manners of environmental appeal. This explains the modern marketing mechanisms that are adopted by the firms dealing with such products (Singh et al, 2011, p.101). Market segmentation Marketers today have a tendency of responding to the customers’ behaviors through various mechanisms or ways. These ways are however dependent on customers’ behavioral response to the urge to have their needs and wants met. Among the major ways that have in the recent past characterized marketers responses to these behaviors is the market segmentation. This refers to the specialization of marketing approaches to focus to various market groups. This is by taking the consideration that the entire market frame is composes with different categories of people who could be potential customers. However, depending on certain group characteristic, the differ ent groupings require different approaches in marketing in order to be effective in targeting them. For instance, marketing strategies targeting the elderly may not be effective through the digital advertisement and promotions; whereas the technique would be most appropriate for the young generation segment. Marketers are continuously acknowledging the differences

The Bond Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bond Market - Research Paper Example On the other hand, corporate debt refers to the property owned by a business, which can serve as an income distress absorber to a specific class of stakeholders. This paper intends to outline the issues that surround bond market in the current market. The U.S. Federal Reserve (â€Å"the Fed†) plays a progressively active role in the performance of the economy and financial markets with its numerous tools. How does Federal Reserve policy affect the bond market? Essentially, the Federal Reserve plays a key role in providing a monetary climate, which is intended in promoting economic stability and simultaneously maintaining consistent economic growth. The Federal Reserve strives to maintain the peaks and troughs at minimum levels. It is impertive3 to note that the Federal Reserve accomplishes their role through manipulation of two interest rate levels (Brett, 17). They include the Federal Funds rates and the Discount Rate. The Federal Funds rate refers to the rates banks charge e ach other to borrow reserves overnight while refers to rate the Federal charges for bank reserve borrowing. It is significant that, changes in both rates have a direct impact on the bond market, yield levels. It is imperative to note that, the corporate bonds always yield more than the government bonds. This is to account for the risk. The Federal Reserve plays a key role in influencing the bond market by controlling the prices and rates of bonds. This enhances controlling of the inflations rates. For instance, investors who buy bonds with a maturity period longer than a couple of years ago have augmented risk disclosure to the level of inflation and its attrition of prospect cash flow values (Brett, 15). However, the Federal Reserve moderates this situation by targeting the level of inflation because inflation expectations have bigger shock on the echelon of interest rates for prolonged maturity bonds than shorter outcome consequently, regulation of the bond market. For the case of bonds with long maturity number of years, the Federal Reserve endeavors to regulate inflation rates. This is because, the levels of inflation directly affects the inflation of expectations consequently increased level of interest rates for longer maturity bonds than shorter maturity bonds (Brett, 16). Fundamentally, the Federal Reserve directly controls the shorter maturity yield levels. The influence caused by the Federal Reserve on the interest rates consequently, significant change is indicated in the levels of yields. The yield curve normally represents the yield market levels. More over, Brett asserts that, the current bull market in bonds will only end if inflation rates rise. This implies that, the current economic status is sluggish and it is characterized by unemployment and high rate of inflation. Bibliography Brett Arends. Bonds- Heading from Bull Market to Bubble. The Journal of The Wall Street. 15.9 (2012): 15- 19. Print. What happens to interest rates as bond prices r ise? The bond markets are extremely active. The interest rates are constantly changing in response to numerous factors, which include changes in demand and supply of credit, market psychology, economic conditions, fiscal policy, Federal Reserve policy and exchange rates. It is significant to note that, as interest rates change, a consequent change in values of all bonds in the market place is expected. For instance, when, interest rates increase bonds with longer maturity periods are immensely affected compared with those

Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay Example for Free

Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay Do you believe the drinking age should be lowered to allow eighteen year olds to consume alcohol, or should the legal age to drink alcoholic beverages stay at the age of twenty-one? Prior to 1984 you were, once you turned eighteen, in most states permitted to purchase alcohol. It was completely up to the state government. At age 18 they are legally an adult, and can therefore abide by their own rules and if they make a bad decision they have to pay the price. Why is it that as an adult you are permitted to purchase rifles, tobacco products, you can vote, enlist in the military, go to a casino, get a tattoo, body piercings, get married and even work in a bar but you can’t buy or consume alcohol? When you think of alcohol and eighteen year-olds what generally pops into mind is underage drinking, binge drinking, wild parties and date rape. But that is only the view of the irresponsible side of drinking, just as there is an irresponsible side of drinking at age twenty-one. At age eighteen you should be allowed to purchase or consume alcohol as you please, because you are legally an adult and responsible for your own actions. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age should be lowered to age eighteen. When you turn eighteen in the United States of America you are legally considered an adult. Until the 1984 Minimum Legal Drinking Age act you were allowed (at least in some states) to buy alcohol when you wanted. Subsequently to the passing of that law every state was forced to raise their minimum age to twenty-one. One of the men who voted for the 1984 Minimum Legal Drinking Age act, Morris E. Chafetz, stated that he â€Å"voted for it; it doesn’t work† and goes on to say that â€Å"it is the single most regrettable decision of my entire professional career†: â€Å"The reality is that at age 18 in this country, one is a legal adult. Young people view 21 as utterly arbitrary- which it is. And because the explanation given is so condescending- because they lack maturity and judgment, these same people who can serve on juries and sign contracts and who turned out in overwhelming numbers to elect our first black president- well they dont buy it. And neither do I.† (Chafetz 554-555) The Unites States military is one of the largest in the world, and has many bases and various stations throughout the entire world. At the age of 18 you must (if you are male) sign up for selective service (the draft) and you are eligible to enlist in the military regardless of your gender. Why is it that you can deploy to another country, fight for your country, get shot, lose limbs and have the memories of that with you for the rest of your life, but you can’t purchase alcohol? If you are old enough to risk your life to fight for your country and fight for the freedoms of this country then you should be able to go buy a beer at the bar with your buddies. Jeff Rainforth, a man who ran for congress, said that â€Å"Since the age was raised, many young adults have drunk more abusively than in the past. Like national Prohibition, it was been counter-productive. Raising the drinking age brought about more problems than it solved.† and went on to say that he recommends that is the legal drinking age was not lowered he recommends that military members can not go to combat until age 21. John McCardell, who founded and is now the director of an organization that exists to lower the drinking age back to eighteen, and also started the â€Å"Amethyst Initiative† talks about his solution to the problem. McCardell has credibility on this topic due to the fact that he is a former college professor and president, and is now a vice-chancellor at the University of the South, who has personally seen the way teenagers on a college campus drink and has an idea what will help with this issue. He says â€Å"Alcohol education is what we need.† This would make teenagers aware of the harms of drinking alcohol and reduce the amount of binge drinking that goes on. Lowering the drinking age would teach teenagers moderation. If they are drinking in a controlled setting where they are allowed to drink and don’t have to hide it, they will be more likely to casually drink. McCardell says that the 1984 Minimum Legal Drinking Age law was â€Å"an abysmal failure; it hasnt reduced or eliminated drinking, it simply driven it underground, behind closed doors, into the most risky and least manageable of settings.† In the â€Å"60 minutes† interview with CBS, the Boulder, Colorado Chief of Police, Mark Beckner is also an advocate for lowering the drinking age to eighteen. He says that â€Å"we cant stop it. The best we can do is try to contain it.† According to the 2010 National Survey on Drug use and Health, driving under the influence of alcohol was associated with age. The age group with the highest number of infractions(including wrecks) was the twenty-one to twenty-five year-old group at 23.4% of infractions being drunk/having been drinking as opposed to only 15.1% in the eighteen-twenty year-old group and a mere 5.8% in sixteen and seventeen year-olds. As far as fatal crashes go, the highest percent of drunk drivers that were involved in a fatal car crash was the group of 21-24 year olds. 25-34 year olds came in at 30%, 35-44 at 24% and all fatal car crashes of individuals that were above age 44 and below age 21 was only 14%. Driving under the influence of alcohol was associated with age in 2010. The rate was highest among persons aged 21 to 25 (23.4 percent). An estimated 5.8 percent of 16 or 17 year olds and 15.1 percent of 18 to 20 year olds reported driving under the influence of alcohol in the past year. Beyond age 25, these rates showed a general decline with increasing age. Many other western have long had a much more lenient attitude toward alcohol and alcoholic beverages. Many have set their Minimum Legal Drinking Age at 18, some at 16 and some do not even have a Minimum Legal Drinking Age. In many countries, such as Germany, there are very few drunk driving incidents whatsoever. In these countries parents often consume alcoholic beverages with their children, including beer or wine(in countries like France). By the time Europeans are allowed to drive they have been educated on the effects of alcohol and have been consuming alcohol for several years. Safe alcohol consumption should the same way as safe sex practices and drivers education classes. No one us naà ¯ve enough to think that teenagers will practice abstinence to avoid sexual encounters only in order to avoid a sexually transmitted disease, so why are people foolish enough to believe that teens will avoid alcohol just due to its dangers? Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age will cause the teens who drink to rebel against their authorities to not drink as much due to it not being rebellious. Until a solution is agreed upon about whether the drinking age should be lowered, or stay at the age of 21, this will remain a controversial topic. Using these strategies in this essay works well to effectively persuade every single viewer that underage drinking is in fact a problem, and is attributed to the current law not allowing people to buy or consume alcohol under the age of 21. Because of the problems that are created because of this current law, it would be in this countrys best interest to lower the drinking age. This would prevent an increased number of alcohol related deaths due to underage binge drinking in the future. These are just a few of the reasons that the Minimum Legal Drinking Age act of 1984 should be repealed and the Minimum Legal Drinking Age should be at age 18. Works Cited Chafetz, Morris E. â€Å"The 21-Year-Old Drinking Age: I Voted For It; It Doesn’t Work.† Good Reasons With Contemporary Arguments. Eds. Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer. Boston: Longman, 2012. 554-555. Print McCardell, John. â€Å"A Drinking Age of 21 Doesn’t Work.† Good Reasons With Contemporary Arguments. Eds. Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer. Boston: Longman, 2012. 550-553. Print. â€Å"Issue in Focus: Drinking on College Campuses.† Good Reasons With Contemporary Arguments. Eds. Lester Faigley and Jack Selzer. Boston: Longman, 2012. 548-550. Print. CBSNews. (2010, March 01). The debate on lowering the drinking age. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-18560_162-4813571.html-

Protective Equipment Is to Reduce Employee Exposure to Hazards Essay Example for Free

Protective Equipment Is to Reduce Employee Exposure to Hazards Essay Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.[1] Slower oxidative processes like rustingor digestion are not included by this definition. The flame is the visible portion of the fire. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma.[2] Depending on the substances alight, and any impurities outside, the colorof the flame and the fires intensity will be different. Fire in its most common form can result in conflagration, which has the potential to cause physical damage through burning. Fire is an important process that affects ecological systems across the globe. The positive effects of fire include stimulating growth and maintaining various ecological systems. Fire has been used by humans for cooking, generating heat, signaling, and propulsion purposes. The negative effects of fire include water contamination, soil erosion, atmospheric pollution and hazard to human and animal life.[3] | Fire Technology is a peer-reviewed academic journal publishing scientific research dealing with the full range of actual, possible, and potential fire hazards facing humans and the environment.[1] It publishes original contributions, both theoretical and empirical, that contribute to the solution of problems in fire safety and related fields. It is published bySpringer in conjunction with the National Fire Protection Association.[2] Arson[1] is the crime of intentionally and maliciously setting fire to buildings, wildlandareas,[2] cars[3][4] or other property with the intent to cause damage. It may be distinguished from other causes such as spontaneous combustion and natural wildfires. Arson often involves fires deliberately set to the property of another or to ones own property as to collect insurance compensation.[5] Heat In physics and chemistry, heat is energy transferred from one body to another by thermal interactions.[1][2] The transfer of energy can occur in a variety of ways, among them conduction,[3] radiation,[4] and convection. Heat is not a property of a system or body, but instead is always associated with a process of some kind, and is synonymous with heat flow and heat transfer. Heat flow from hotter to colder systems occurs spontaneously, and is always accompanied by an increase in entropy. In a heat engine, internal energy of bodies is harnessed to provide useful work. The second law of thermodynamicsprohibits heat flow directly from cold to hot systems, but with the aid of a heat pump external work can be used to transport internal energy indirectly from a cold to a hot body. Transfers of energy as heat are macroscopic processes. The origin and properties of heat can be understood through the statistical mechanics of microscopic constituents such as molecules and photons. For instance, heat flow can occur when the rapidly vibrating molecules in a high temperature body transfer some of their energy (by direct contact, radiation exchange, or other mechanisms) to the more slowly vibrating molecules in a lower temperature body. Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. Its name derives from the Greek roots á ½â‚¬ÃŽ ¾Ã Ãâ€š (oxys) (acid, literally sharp, referring to the sour taste ofacids) and -ÃŽ ³ÃÅ'ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š (-gÃŽ ¿nos) (producer, literally begetter), because at the time of naming, it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition. Atstandard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless, odorless, tasteless diatomic gas with the formula O2. This substance is an important part of the atmosphere, and is necessary to sustain most terrestrial life. A fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher, or simply an extinguisher, is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e., no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise requires the expertise of a fire department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish afire. Fire prevention is a function of many fire departments. The goal of fire prevention is to educate the public to take precautions to prevent potentially harmful fires, and be educated about surviving them. It is a proactive method of reducing emergencies and thedamage caused by them. Many fire departments have a Fire Prevention Officer.In the general sense of preventing harmful fires, many aspects are discussed in the articles Fire protect ion and Fire safety. Wildfire suppression refers to the firefighting tactics used to suppress wildfires. Firefighting efforts inwildland areas requires different techniques, equipment, and training from the more familiar structure firefighting found in populated areas. Working in conjunction with specially designed firefighting aircraft, these wildfire-trained crews suppress flames, construct firelines, and extinguish flames and areas of heat to protect resources and natural wilderness. Wildfire suppression also addresses the issues of the wildland-urban interface, where populated areas border with wildland areas. Firewall may refer to: * Firewall (construction), a barrier inside a building or vehicle, designed to limit the spread of fire, heat and structural collapse * Firewall (automobile), the part of the vehicle that separates the engine from the driver and passengers * Firewall (computing), a technological barrier designed to prevent unauthorized or unwanted communications between computer networks or hosts * Firewall (Physics), a blast of Hawking Radiation seen by a freely falling observer upon crossing the horizon of a black hole. Firetrap firetrap is a British clothing company, founded in 1991,[1] specialising in premium menswear and accessories. It is the main brand within the WDT company (World Design and Trade), which also owns its sister brand Fullcircle along with previous brands SC51 and Sonnetti. Firetrap is firmly established internationally and is sold in more than 30 countries[2] and 1,500 stores worldwide. There are eight stand-alone stores in the UK: a Covent Garden store in London and others in Belfast, Liverpool, Leeds, EdinburghWestfield[disambiguation needed], Sheffield Nottingham (2010).[3] The brand is a key player worldwide with a new store in Dubai and concessions throughout Europe including Italy, Germany and France. Conflagration A conflagration or a blaze is an uncontrolled burning that threatens human life, animal life, health, or property. A conflagration can be accidentally begun, naturally caused (wildfire), or intentionally created (arson). Arson can be accomplished for the purpose of sabotage or diversion, and also can be the consequence of pyromania. During conflagration the property is damaged or destroyed by fire. Sometimes the conflagration produces a firestorm, in which the central column of rising heated air induces strong inward winds, which supply oxygen to the fire. Conflagrations can result in casualties, deaths, or injuries from smoke inhalation orburns. Combustion Combustion (pron.: /kÉ™mˈbÊÅ's.tÊÆ'É™n/) or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can produce light in the form of either glowing or aflame. Fuels of interest often include organic compounds (especially hydrocarbons) in the gas,liquid or solid phase. In a complete combustion reaction, a compound reacts with an oxidizing element, such asoxygen or fluorine, and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel with the oxidizing element. For example: CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O + energy A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, which is a commonly used reaction in rocket engines: 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O(g) + heat The result is water vapor. Complete combustion is almost impossible to achieve. In reality, as actual combustion reactions come to equilibrium, a wide variety of major and minor species will be present such as carbon monoxide and pure carbon (soot or ash). Additionally, any combustion in atmospheric air, which is 79 percent nitrogen, will also create several forms of nitrogen oxides. Fire point The fire point of a fuel is the temperature at which it will continue to burn for at least 5 seconds after ignition by an open flame. At theflash point, a lower temperature, a substance will ignite briefly, but vapor might not be produced at a rate to sustain the fire. Most tables of material properties will only list material flash points, but in general the fire points can be assumed to be about 10  °C higher than the flash points. However, this is no substitute for testing if the fire point is safety critical. Degree Celsius Celsius, also known as centigrade,[1] is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius ( °C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or anuncertainty. The unit was known until 1948 as centigrade from the Latin centum translated as 100 and gradus translated as steps From 1743 until 1954, 0  °C was defined as the freezing point of water and 100  °C was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard atmosphere with mercury being the working material. Although these defining correlations are commonly taught in schools today, by international agreement the unit degree Celsius and the Celsius scale are currently defined by two different temperatures: absolute zero, and the triple point of VSMOW (specially purifi ed water). This definition also precisely relates the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale, which defines the SI base unit ofthermodynamic temperature with symbol K. Absolute zero, the lowest temperature possible at which matter reaches minimum entropy, is defined as being precisely 0 K and −273.15  °C. The temperature of the triple point of water is defined as precisely 273.16 K and 0.01  °C. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as precisely 1 part in 273.16 (approximately 0.00366) of the difference between absolute zero and the triple point of water. Thus, it sets the magnitude of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin as exactly the same. Additionally, it establishes the difference between the two scales null points as being precisely 273.15 degrees Celsius (−273.15  °C = 0 K and 0  °C = 273.15 K).[3] Fahrenheit Fahrenheit (symbol  °F) is a temperature scale based on one proposed in 1724 by, and named after, the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736).[1] Within this scale, the freezing of water into ice is defined at 32 degrees, while the boiling point of water is defined to be 212 degrees on Fahrenheits original scale the freezing point of brine was zero degrees. The Fahrenheit scale was replaced by the Celsius scale in most countries during the mid to late 20th century, though Canada retains it as a supplementary scale that can be used alongside Celsius.[2][3][4][5] Fahrenheit remains the official scale of the United States,Cayman Islands, Palau, Bahamas and Belize.[6] The Rankine temperature scale was based upon the Fahrenheit temperature scale, with its zero representing absolute zero instead. Personal protective equipment Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearers body from injury. The hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter. Protective equipment may be worn for job-relatedoccupational safety and health purposes, as well as for sports and other recreational activities. Protective clothing is applied to traditional categories of clothing, and protective gear applies to items such as pads, guards, shields, or masks, and others. The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to reduce these risks to acceptable levels. PPE is needed when there are hazards present. PPE has the serious limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at source and may result in employees being exposed to the hazard i f the equipment fails.[1]

ICT In The Hospitality Industry

ICT In The Hospitality Industry Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is supposed to be one of the basic building blocks of the modern society and it is a necessary component of business culture. Information and Communication Technology plays a vital role in the hospitality industry and its importance has dramatically increased over the years. In todays world, each and every business uses ICTs and it is no more a distinct characteristic or a unique quality of any business, but using ICTs in a more effective and efficient way will help in obtaining a competitive advantage. Hospitality industry belongs to the service industry and consists of number of fields such as restaurants, lodging, theme parks, transportation, event planning and various other fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry always depend upon two main factors: one is the availability of leisure time and the other is the disposable income. Hospitality industries is one of the worlds largest and most permeant industries, the industry has exposed itself to the forces of change, especially by the ongoing developments in ICTs. E-commerce has been negatively influenced by few factors such as the current political developments and the slowing economy, but it is still booming in the hospitality industry. In the hospitality industry, the internet is not only used for gathering information, but it is also being used for acceptance of ordering services over the internet. Information and communication technology and hospitality are two of the most dynamic drivers of our global economy. In the case of hospitality industry, many authors have claimed that tourism must be treated as an information-intensive industry (Poon 1993; Sheldon 1997; Inkpen 1998), whereas, travel and tourism can be defined as an information business. Hospitality industry is a business that is related to information in all the ways, because information is one of the most important quality parameters to support actions for the tourism area as a service industry. Information is also used in various means in the hospitality industry, mainly they are observed in areas where gathering of information, generation, application, processing, application and communication of information is as important for day-to-day operation. Hospitality industry is also considered as a hybrid industry because more than any other services, they are more dominated by information. In the whole tourism sector, hospitality industry is considered as the forefront and it is always sensitive to the competitive pressure which keeps increasing constantly. The industry is also sensitive to the operational needs that are effective and control tools which are always the growing need. In order to overcome all the competitive pressure and to be effective, the use of ICTs will be the only solution as it is capable of bringing in new business opportunities as well as help in the overall business development. NEW INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES Innovation is a process that mediates between two streams of human activity. Market and technology develop in parallel and independently, save for a linkage through innovation. Innovation, therefore, is a response to changes in one or both of these streams. As the market changes, firms have to innovate with new products and services, frequently having to seek out new technology in order to accomplish this. On the other side, rapidly changing technology creates new opportunities and sometimes even creates changes in market structure. As a consequence, the more rapidly that stream changes, the greater the pressure will be for firms to be innovative. (Morton 1991) ICT always has a significant impact on all the industries and the growing importance of ICT in the daily business started causing threats and opportunities for the business. The current markets are changing, becoming bigger, faster, getting more standardised, it is always being segmented properly and all these makes it completely competitive. ICT has created a all new information infrastructure which resulted in a new way of accessing information between the buyer, seller and the middleman. Over the past few years, there has been a transformation from an industrial economy to an information economy in the industrialized world (Parker, 1998). ICT has been completely changing the business world and will also be changing the forms, processes as well as the substance of the firms and organisations. One of the most important scenes in the current world is that ICT has been driving the productivity as well as the profitability of any business. The scenario is not just about the decrease in computing costs or the increase in computing speeds and capacities, it is all about the new ways of using the computers and technology which would influence the existing business processes as well as the value chain in the hospitality industry (Thompson 1990; King 1998). Porter and Millar (Porter and Millar 1985) contend that ICT is also affecting the competition in major ways: ICT can change the structure of an industry, and alter rules of competition. ICT can be used to create sustainable competitive advantage and provide companies with new competitive weapons. ICT enables new business which can be developed from a companys existing activities. Porter (Porter 1985; Porter and Millar 1985; Porter 1995; Porter 2001) recognizes that ICT is reshaping industries and organizations competitiveness by changing the nature or conduct of business. ICT enhances the ability of organizations to manage their resources, increases their productivity, to communicate their policies and market their offerings, and to develop partnerships with all their stakeholders, namely consumers, suppliers, public sector, etc. We can state that ICT supports the development and maintenance of organizational competitiveness and competitive advantage. ICTs ADOPTION IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY In the hospitality industry, technology is considered as an important of sustainable competitive advantage and a strategic weapon (Poon, 1993; Sheldon, 1997; Connolly and Olsen, 2000; Rao, Metts and Monge, 2003). Various studies (Buhalis and Main, 1998; Evans and Peacock, 1999; Vich-i-Martorell, G.A., 2004; Tang and Louvieris, 2004) have found that the hospitality industry have been always keen in adopting information technology. The reason for the adoption of ICTs in hospitality industry is that they require a diverse range of information which basically made them encouraged to adopt the technology, as well as because of the widespread use of e-mail and the development of an on-line presence amongst the vast majority of organisations. Buhalis (2003) proposed that internet has been an ideal way of selling inventories on-line because of the broke up nature of the hospitality industry. Further investigation revealed that the level of ICTs adoption varies between various enterprises (Sigala, 2003). In most of the small and medium organisation, these services are available rarely because of the inadequate on-line booking services (Fux et al. (2007). Most of the earlier studies have cited the issue about the problems in answering to e-mails and defensive adoption of e-mail marketing in the small organisations. (Frey et al., 2003; Murphy et al. 2003; Schegg et al. 2006; Schegg et al. 2007). The following indicates the ICT index in the hospitality industry for various activities. Activities and ICT Index 4. ICT IN USE 4.1 Electronic Data Processing (EDP) Electronic Data Processing is usually referred to the use of automated methods to process data. The technology adoption increased before many years but it was basically limited to only the operational and administrative areas. Most of the organisation does not utilize the information that is available in the information system in order to use them in their strategic planning and decision making processes. 4.2 Property Management System (PMS) In the hospitality industry, ICTs are mainly used in booking systems which is considered as an internal technology. Property Management System acts as a central point that coordinates both the technology and hospitality operations. The main purpose of property management system is to manage room inventory, produce billing information and also to record the details of the guests or the customers. In order to integrate the billing and management reports, it often creates a interface with various other systems such as telephone system and food and beverages point of sales terminal. 4.3 Central Reservation System (CRS) Central Reservation System is a computerised system that helps to store and distribute information. When an organisation has a chain or belongs to any franchise group, Central Reservation System always helps in various ways. The system helps to book between all the organisations in the chain and would also accept direct booking from the central reservation office. The systems always have a direct access into property management system which would automatically update information to the front office. 4.4 Global Distribution System (GDS) Global Distribution System is also a computerised system which will include hotels, airlines, car rental and also other travel resources and they are most commonly used by travel agents. Global Distribution System is actually an operation in the computer reservation system and helps to book and sell tickets to multiple airlines. The system is not always connected to the main system and information will not be updated automatically, which means the information has to be updated manually. 4.5 Yield Management (YM) Yield Management which is also known as revenue management is a process in which the consumer behaviour is understood, anticipated and also influenced. It will result in maximizing the revenue as well as the profit from the resources. In the hospitality industry, yield management is used widely and largely in the same way. Using yield management, the rates, rooms and restrictions on sales are calculated in order to maximize the return of the business. The revenue managers in the hospitality industry have acquired over the last few years and in such a global economy the right distribution channel, correct controlling costs and the right marketing mix plays a vital role in yield management. The services are sold to the right people, at the right time and at the right place. Model of ICT INTERNET AND ITS USAGE IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY The Internet is a worldwide network and a global system that is interconnected to computer networks which use TCP/IP protocols to serve billions of users. The Internet plays a vital role in the hospitality industry and is being used in various forms. It also supports a wide range of services and tools that would enable communication and also data sharing. Some of the most important usage and activities on the internet are: (Cockburn and Wilson 1996) 5.1 Communication The Internet helps a lot in communication especially in the hospitality industry. It represents the largest part of the traffic that crosses the Internet. eMail is one way to communicate and it is also better for many companies and a way to go online. The main reason eMail is efficient is because it is cheap (eMail costs less than long-distance charges for fax machines or the phone), fast (most Internet mail arrives at its destination only minutes after dispatch), easy to use, and links many companies. The other advantage of eMails is that the message that is being delivered to the destination will already be in the electronic form. It reduces the time to scan and re-enter the data into the computer. eMail is the most used communication medium today for internal as well as for external communication. 5.2 Collaboration Collaboration is one other way the Internet can be used and most of the companies use the Internet to link themselves to the outside world. Usually, the connections are very easy to set up and also are very fast. In the hospitality industry, most of the companies are some way or the other linked with each other, so establishing a connection is very important and the Internet helps a lot. Staples, which is an American office that supplies store chain uses the Internet in a effective way and helps the customer to order various office supplies. Staples have also created their own customized supply catalogs which can run even in the intranet of the customers. All these catalogues will contain various items and their prices which are negotiated in the contract with each company. Using some of the eProcurement technologies, the customers are able to reduce cost of purchase order processing dramatically and also helps them to search and order items electronically (Ghosh 1998). 5.3 Information gathering The Internet can also be used to gather information easily and faster. Many companies use the Internet to gather data and information which can be used as an additional resource, especially companies that are involved in research and development. Almost most of the information and data are available over the Internet free of charge which helps the company to reduce their overall operating costs. One such example is Magna International, which is a leading global supplier of automotive components, systems and also complete modules. The company has created a database of their own which stores all the information about several of their competitors, rivals and partners. Information about their activities, development and future plans are stored in the Internet, most of which are extracted from the Internet. 5.4 Direct marketing and advertising The Internet and worldwide web is a useful resource which most of the companies use to improve their overall performance and profitability of the company. The Internet is an ideal medium in the business world that helps to promote the company as well as their services and products. The Internet marketing is one way of promoting the hospitality industry to the entire world which is also flexible and interactive. It helps to deliver all the required information to the consumers or the customers. Most of the companies in the hospitality industry have created their own homepages on the web which helps to get in contact with millions of people all over the world. It is helpful in one way or the other for the small companies to compete with larger ones. 5.5 Direct online selling Nowadays people are not required to go to some shopping centres or malls to do their shopping. They can do all that at the convenience from their house, companies have got their virtual experience into the web, where the customers can browse through the entire range of catalogs, and also examine their products more in detail. Whereas in the hospitality industry, customers are able to order food, book air tickets, rail tickets, browse through the events, and books the hotels with all the customized options. One good example of online selling will be the companies like Dell and Amazon. Dell sells their computers online, where the customers can choose their required configuration and they sell computers online at the rate of about $1 million a day. The travel platform Tiscover has almost initiated about 500,000 reservations and bookings in the year 2008. Different Forms of eCommerce CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE OF HOSPITALITY The hospitality industry has started realizing gradually that the revolution of ICT has changed all the operational practices and various paradigms; it has also altered the competitiveness of all the major hospitality actors in the market. In order to take advantage of the capabilities of the Internet, the hospitality industry has integrated the front office as well as the back office in a framework. Greater speed, connectivity, information-sharing and transparency is achieved by the convergence of all the technological devices. Because of which, all the organisation in the hospitality industry are focusing more on knowledge-based competition and are in the need for continuous innovation. The management are also under pressure and are forced to stay abreast on all the developments that occur in the market (Connolly et al., 2000). The organisations in the hospitality industry are focussed on increasing their online booking and online services by promoting their presence in the web more aggressively. The organisations have also capitalised on various collaboration and partnership marketing. In order to help the organisations connect to the wide range of distributors in the market, a multi-channel strategies are used. Some of the reports say that there are almost 35,000 websites where the consumers are able to book rooms in various hotels. All these developments have given way to wide range of challenges, integrity of rates, perception of brand, customer value and also segmentation. Because of the advancement in technology, the consumers are able to contact various organisations constantly which in return increase the transparency. The increase in transparency has made the entire organisation in the hospitality industry to rethink about their pricing strategies. The Internet has come up with many new tools for communicating with partners and consumers, which has implication on the distribution of the industry. The personalisation of products, information and processes has resulted in the emergence of high-tech and high-touch opportunities which the industry itself has to appreciate. The industry now has the opportunity to create a relationship with the customers and basically makes it to adopt the customer-centred approach. The organisations are able to add value at each and every stage of consumer interaction just because all the departments in the organisation are coordinated using ICT-enabled processes. In order to demonstrate the benefits and to illustrate the innovation of small properties, the ICTs are utilised strategically. The organisations are also enhancing their virtual size and compete with larger players by developing links with other properties. Whereas, all larger organisations are benefitted from the multi-channel distribution strategies, economies of scale and also from streamlining their operations through e-procurement. Globalised agenda are developed and are ensured that their operations and strategies are coordinated throughout the world by all the larger chain of organisation. In any case, ICTs and the Internet will be critical for the competitiveness of both large and small hospitality organizations. CONCLUSION The aim of the research is to explain the various uses of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the hospitality industry. ICT has been already used by all the key players in the industry which gives them the required competitive advantage, whereas small organisations are at a lower level. However, the Internet can be used as a powerful instrument to overcome all the disadvantages and helps to establish a competitive advantage in the market. Using ICT will not offer a competitive advantage, because the entire world is well aware about the technology and its usage. So the organisation should focus on using the right technology more effectively and efficiently. Basically, there are three objectives which the industry as well as the organisations in the industry has to focus on: Define a framework with which competitive advantage can be gained, and make the process systematised and evaluated from eCommerce solution Consolidating the business values of the Internet Explore the ways in which the competitive advantage can be enhanced and improved The advantages of the internet can be classified into two main categories: one as a primary tool for distribution, reducing the overall costs and by increasing the occupancy rate, and secondly it can be considered as a tool to increase the direct contact with the consumers or the customers. To extend the success factor in the hospitality industry, the internet can be used in product development, online surveys, online booking and also for various personalisations.

Symbolism Essay :: essays research papers

Throughout Elizabeth Winthrop’s short story, â€Å"The Golden Darters,† are symbols of how Emily, the main character, is growing up. The most obvious symbols are Emily piercing her ears, her father’s table where he works on the flies, and the golden darters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A symbol of Emily growing up is the fact that she pierced her ears, even after her parents forbid it, telling her she had to wait until she was seventeen. This shows defiance toward her parents, but also shows her becoming more dependent and able to make decisions on her own. Emily’s father’s workstation, or table, where he made the flies symbolizes the world her father was in. It was in a secluded corner of the house, isolated from much contact with anyone but her father. Her father was trying to keep Emily like the table in a way, wanting to isolate her from the world of â€Å"boys† and everything else that comes with growing up. Another symbol of Emily growing up were the golden darters, or streamers, which were the first fishing lures that Emily and her father made together. He described them as â€Å"a big flashy fly.† After Emily gets her ears pierced, she uses the golden darters to make herself look â€Å"flashier.† The purpose of the lures was to attract fish, but Emily was using them to attract members of the opposite sex. What was meant to be a typical fishing lure is now becoming a sexual lure. Twelve-year-old Emily is obviously trying to grow up, but her father is not ready for that yet. When she shows the new earrings to her father, he is not pleased with what he sees. He is not ready for his daughter to become a woman, yet there she is, standing in front of him, looking like one. It seems as though he is angry that she used the lures the way she did, but he really doesn’t know how else to express his feelings. When he says, â€Å"that is not the purpose for which the flies we re intended,† he meant just that; the flies were not meant to be anything more than fishing lures.

Rosa Parks :: essays research papers

Rosa Parks Rosa parks was born on February 4,1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. She was a civil rights leader. She attended Alabama State College, worked as a seamstress and as a housekeeper. Her father, James McCauley, was a carpenter, and her mother, Leona (Edward's) McCauley was a teacher. Rosa P. had one younger brother named, Sylvester. Her family lived in Tuskegee. When Rosa was two years-old her parents split up and she, her mother, and her brother moved to her grandparents farm in Nearby Pine Level, Alabama. Her grandparents were one of the few black families who owned their own land, rather than work for someone else. Although they were poor, they were able to raise enough food for all. During the first half of this century for all blacks living in America skin color affected every part of their lives. The South in particular was very racist. Slavery had been abolished only by some fifty years earlier, and blacks were still hated and were feared by whites because of skin color. Jim Crow had a law "separate but equal." The Supreme Court ruled in 1896, that equal protection could not mean separate but equal facilities. Blacks were made to feel inferior to whites in every way. They were restricted in their choices of housing and jobs, were forced to attend segregated schools, and were prohibited from using many restaurants, movie theaters. Rosa Parks said, years later, "Whites would accuse you of causing trouble when all of you were doing was acting like a normal human being, instead of crining. You didn't have to wait for a lynching. You died each time you found yourself face to face with this kind of discrimination." Rosa Parks didn't like attending a poor, one-room school, with few books or supplies, not being able to stop on her way home from school to get a soda or a candybar. She hated how they were parts for blacks like restaurants, trains, and bus and even being forced to give up her seat for a white person. Rosa's mother, Leona McCau ley, worked as a teacher, and the whole family knew the value of education. Rosa attended the local black elementary school, where her mother was the only teacher. When she graduated, the family worked hard to save enough money to send her to a private school for black girls. At the age of 11 she began to attend Montgomery Industrial School for Girls.

Lotus Versus Zen Buddhism

William Bettley 4/3/2013 Cul 260 Prof. Grohe Zen (or Chan) and Lotus Buddhism A Comparison Essay Buddhism, like many other major religions has expanded past a simple definition. There are a large number of regions that practice this astronomically large religion, and throughout the years since its introduction to the world it has developed a large number of ways to practice the belief system. The sect with the largest number of temples in Japan is Zen Buddhism, the second largest number belong to the Lotus, or Nichiren Sect.Zen, being the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese character Chan, falls into a much larger sect of Buddhism, with many different branches; this paper will look into the Japanese Zen branch and the Soto-Zen branch. These branches will be compared to the almost exclusively Japanese sect of Buddhism, Nichiren. The Nichiren sect, that borrows its name from its founder, is an extremely large sect of Buddhism whose main sutra is the Lotus Sutra. The Nichiren sect of Buddhism is any denomination of Buddhism that derives its beliefs from the teachings of the ancient Japanese teacher Nichiren. Nichiren is comprised of more than forty different independent religious institutions. Nichiren, originally a monk of the Tendai doctrine did not see himself as the creator of a sect, nor did he give his followers a name. It was in his death that his teachings, based on the Lotus Sutra, were denominated to be the Lotus sect of Buddhism† (Buswell Vol. 2). The largest of the Nichiren branches has its largest temple in Yamanashi and is called Nichrenshu. â€Å"Nichiren adopted the Tiantai School doctrine of reality as three thousand realms in a single thought to explain the theoretical basis upon which ordinary people can reach Buddhahood.He found this single thought doctrine not as an access from meditation, but as concrete manifestations from the three great secret dharmas. He derived these three secret dharmas from the latter half of the Lotus Sutra, or the origin teachings, thus these three secret dharmas became the core of his teachings. † (Buswell Vol. 2) The Daimoku, or name, is the Myohorengekyo or name of the Lotus Sutra. Nichiren believed this to embody the essence of all Buddhist teachings. He felt that all that Buddha is and was and ever will be can be embodied in a practitioner through the faith and chanting of this name.He felt that through reciting this mane, the essence of the Buddhist teaching can be transferred to the practitioner in a moment of faith. This was the first dharma of lotus teaching. As with most major religions, and religious sects, there is an identifying object. The Lotus sect of Buddhism is no different. The second dharma of Lotus teaching was the honzon, or object of worship. During Nichiren’s lifetime he developed a calligraphy Mandala, an example of which you can see above. This is an example of the item of worship you would bear reverence to in this sect of Buddhism, and this can be found in every Lotus Buddhist temple.Namu Myohorengekyo is inscribed down the center, and to the left and right are inscribed the names of Buddha, along with the representatives of the assembly of the Lotus Sutra. The third dharma is the most controversial. The kaidan is to some a platform of belief, while to others it is a physical thing. By definition it is a platform loosely described in Nichiren’s writings. It is more definitely an ordination platform. In the esoteric sense it means that wherever one embraces the Lotus sutra is the Buddha land.There is not much to say about this but to say that Nichiren has mixed reviews on what he believed this to be. â€Å"Zen is the Japanese pronunciation of the Japanese character Chan† (Buswell Vol. 2). This was one of the first quotes in my paper, and allows us to look at Zen in a different light. While it remains the Zen school of Buddhism in Japan, it is a branch of the Chan school of Buddhism, thus to look at Zen, you mu st first see Chan. This section will look into both the Japanese Zen Buddhism, and the Soto Chan Buddhism.Japanese Zen Buddhism is almost exactly like the original Chan School, because it took upon itself Chan concepts in Japanese style. There is not much of a difference between the Chan School and central Buddhist practice, and thus I will not look deeply into it. One of the primary notable things about the Zen school is that it, much like other schools, incited much violence between the schools because of a difference of views. Soto Chan Buddhism takes as its main concept that one is already Buddha, and to take up the mantle, you must sit in meditation without the attempting to become Buddha.This is interesting and much different from what we have learned prior in this paper. Most schools of Buddhism do not see themselves already being Buddha, and most strive to achieve Buddhism, and that takes a huge parting path from original Buddha teachings. Thus far in this paper we have brok en down many branches of Buddhism schools and how they differ in belief. That being the target of the paper would imply that this is the end, but I must make a few additional remarks. In Buddhism one strives to achieve enlightenment. In that cause Buddhism is different from many religions.It takes a walk away from heaven, and strives towards the land of Buddha. But like many other religions there is discrepancy, and thus there is conflict. That does not mean that Buddhism is bad, just normal. There is much more depth this paper could look into, but doing so would make this a Buddhism paper, and not just the cores of the sects I am looking into. To see more of how this paper applies to Buddhism, would much improve the knowledge of the coherency of this paper. References Buswell, Robert E. Encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol. 1 Macmillan Reference USA. 004 PP, 134-135 Buswell, Robert E. Encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol. 2 Macmillan Reference USA. 2004 PP, 595-598, 293 Princeton EDU Nichiren Budd hism, Author Unknown, https://www. princeton. edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Nichiren_Buddhism. html Yusa, Michiko. Japanese Religious Traditions. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print. All images belong to their original owners and no profit will be made from their inclusion in this paper. Any profit from this paper will be distributed to the owners of the original image holders at their request.

Programming language

The students will understand the concepts of structured programming and learn how to write programs for problem solving using structured programming language Learning Outcomes By the end of the unit, the student should be able to: a) b) c) d) f) To understand principles of good program design To understand the concept of a variable holding a value, how a variable is declared and how it can changeTo be able to use a conditional statement to select a choice from two or more alternatives To understand the concept of a loop – that is, a series of statements which is written once but executed repeatedly- and how to use it in a programming language To be able to break large problem into smaller parts, writing each part as a module or function To be able to use an array to store multiple pieces of homogeneous data, and use a structure to store multiple pieces of heterogeneous data Course Description Structured programming: problem solving techniques, algorithms, pseudo code, hanta, s emantics, data types, expressions, statements, input/output and control structures. Basic sequencing, alternation, and looping control constructs. Subprograms: functional and procedural abstractions and data abstraction.

Australian artist

The everyday phenomenon or contemporary art is art made since World War II or the art made or produced at the current point in time. Since 20th century the common concern was and is what constitutes of art. Contemporary art is not always easy for it takes a person to the heart of many ideologies and issues. And for our case it helps Australian populace to know their past, present and future. (Crosskey 77) National identity was an issue the Australians argued about in 1990s the symbols, images representing Australians experience and history.Artists focus on symbols or issues that we ourselves do not treat with seriousness e. g. suburban houses or even acknowledgement of indigenous Australians experiences. Art display welcomes questions but also a reflection of values, history and lifestyle. (Daly 188) Australian Art Australian aboriginal art and post colonial art are classified under art of Australia. In both western traditions and indigenous traditions Australia has produced distingu ished artists. The uniting subject for both histories of Australian art is the sacredness and importance of the land. (Smith 42) Early colonial art when taken to Europe was received with skepticism.John Lewin was the first resident professional Australian artist; he arrived in 1800 and had two publications on natural history of art. In natural history, in 830 especially there was some ethnographic portraiture of Aboriginals. (Lindsay 138) There has been a gradual change since 1788 in Australian art from a European sense of light to an Australian one. Lighting sense in European differ from Australian this is reflected on early attempts at landscapes. In 1835 to 1878 Conrad Martens a professional artist painted many landscapes which made him financially successful.His work on landscape was regarded softened so as to fit European emotional response. John Glover was another significant landscape artist of this era. (Pratt 69, 240) In 1840s attempts of art exhibitions were made and manag ed to attract some artists but there financial difficulties. Regular exhibition became popularized by 1850s with huge display of various arts. (Lindsay 138) Decorative art such as water color painting, miniature, and functional objects such as urns, before second war I became more popular in Australia.Modernist art after World War I began to be felt and cause disputes between detractors and its practitioners. (Wood 30) Archibald Prize the most famed art prize was founded in 1921 even though definition of portraiture has always yielded to disagreements. There was evident cross pollination of Aboriginal and western art in 1930s and 1940s, after Australian interior was opened. (Art Gallery of New South Wales 19-22) Artists in 1940s began to try other styles such as Surrealism and others. John Brack brought to attention suburban landscape; there was an increased landscape painting.Brett Whitely a Sydney artist was one of the known painters till his passing away in 1992. (Biennale of Syd ney, 102) Papunya Tula School or ‘dot art’ developed after Geoffrey Bardon a teacher in 1971-1972 motivated the Aboriginal people of Papunya to paint their dream time narratives on canvas, one of well known artist of ‘dot art’ is Clifford Possum. Dot Art style art has become well recognized through out the world. Some of well known contemporary Australian artist have progressively used video and photography i. e. Tracy Moffat in their work. (Art Gallery of New 50-62)Aboriginal artists that make use of western in-between have been recognized internationally and seen as recent time great painters’ example being Freddy Timms. The Australian war memorial has some authorized war artists such as Rick Amor and others for East Timor peacekeeping mission, Lewis Miller in the 2003 Iraq War. (Bosch 90) Artists Imants Tiller Diaspora of Imants Tiller art took an everyday phenomenon that was overlooked. Diaspora means a dispersal of populace of same national beli efs or origin. Diaspora was a series of Imants Tillers in 1990s which he described as a new exemplar in his work.His four painting were relating to displacement of persons from their original land of your birth due to colonization and dissimilar cultures combination which makes the most part of the narratives and legacies of these societies in the 20th century. For people in Australian and New Zealand countries Diaspora is inbuilt in creation of the society that they are today. (McCulloch 776) Imants paintings were Diaspora 1992, Izklied 1994, Paradiso 1994 and farewell to reason 1996. The thing that was conspicuous about Tillers paintings was the way one big painting had small one next to each other.The impression that is created by Tillers different interaction of his four art works is that one of worlds within worlds, moving in numerous courses within each work and from one to another. This works are in relation to Till ongoing interest to turn over professed ideologies on periph ery and centre of North America and Europe and on one side and comparatively indistinguishable places on the â€Å"world stage’ e. g. Lavitia, Australia, and New Zealand. While the liberty of Baltic States was a facilitator for Tillers four series, his works integrate a broader concentration in the insider/outsider puzzle across boundaries.(McCulloch 776) His work also notes reoccurring cycles of loss, new beginnings and require admitting varied voices. A non-Balt or Balt that observed the great pro- independence protests in 1988 to 1991 will not remember them and the great moving impact they had; the tears, the songs, the sense of liberation as populace were able to utter open things which in forty years they were afraid even to sigh in secret; ‘For you shall know the truth and it will set you free’ Anatol Lievin. (Rowley 192-193) Diaspora 1992Tillers painting Diaspora 1992 was a reaction to the theoretical political events in 1990 in Lavitia (Home nation to hi s parents). Tillers connection with Lavitia was unclear his alertness of an innate culture and the image was of the past, were constants in his childhood. They moved from Lavitia to Siberia in Baltic State which emerged after collapse of Soviet Union as refugee due to colonization. This led to Tillers outstanding sudden turnaround. (McCulloch 776) The painting that Tiller exhibited in Melbourne, at a Gallery was his first to enter Diaspora collection.This work included many references i. e. fragments of images, images, symbols and words from more than twenty works of art of eleven artists from dissimilar art chronological periods and dissimilar cultures. Pierre Restany commented: ‘The spectator witnesses an unfolding of coded messages and secret references, imprecations and fragments of ex-votos, making up the flux, or rather the weave of collective memory. ’ (Rowley 192-193) Izkliede 1994 Izkliede 1994 was created with Australian spectators in mind. It composed of many small pictures like in Diaspora 1992.Tillers second art has elements in moving up and downward in instabilities performances; this can be translated as globe further than the purely purposeful and rational features of reality. Rudolf Steiner has described it, ‘what is essential is the fact that the visualizations liberate the soul from dependence on the physical. ’ Izeklied can have many meaning like a language. Swastika on the inflammatory matchbox symbol when it adopted by the Nazis caused people to die in millions, for over 3000 years the symbol had been used in many cultures symbolize life, sun and good luck.(Curnow 148) In Izklied there is Joseph Stalin’s head portraying political image and is surrounded by shapeless masses. When this piece was displayed in Sherman Galleries in 1994 it made a lot of impact to those who saw the piece. By the moment Tillers painted his version the Cold War it had already ended. In Tillers title he suggests that many other bat tles were in the mind of many people this included the need to take precaution and protect the surrounding through out the world. ‘Let us posses one world, each has one, and is one’ this writing on the piece gave it new energy.(Curnow 148) Paradiso 1994 Paradiso 1994 is the third work of Tillers in Diaspora. Its context was relations in a disjointed world. His third work was reflecting on relocated people hope for a new ‘promised land’ after going through various problems. This notion or though was never a reality though the displaced people were freed from day to day domination in their own country. The situation was very tough in the countries they took refuge in as they tried to go on with their lives. This ideology of paradise, is connected with faith; gone astray, found and longed for.Tillers slots in Meka’s book and his words writings ‘We are dreaming of bread and liberty We’ll dream the same when we die Hungry, imprisoned, enslave d And scattered across the face of the earth’(Rowley, 192-193) Farewell for Reason 1996 In Farewell for Reason 1996, they are many secret codes that speak about mortality and rites across diverse cultures. In farewell to reason the idea of recycling is seen because of the panels on the top left and right, in bold letters ‘see’ and ‘surf’. His adaptation of the words such as ‘surf’ an abbreviation for ‘surfeit’ it has profaned and sacred implications.This work was the last on Diaspora by Tillers. (Rowley 192-193) Finally Diaspora series advocate that social, cultural and local specificities influence language and the manner we think, difference of culture is there for us to come to grips with it, coexistence is a procedure of becoming that is incessantly developing. (Curnow 48) Gordon Bennett and Peter Robinson Peter Robinson and Gordon Bennett in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the have had the intention of commenting, expos ing and reflecting on the occurrences of New Zealanders and Australians.Their works describe and state current day culture, considering the creation of country societies and histories after the colonial rule and also look into the function of an artist in the modern art industry. (Benjamin 127) The both have dissimilar degree of aboriginal descent in their personal past and this has manifested in production of the two artists work. Robison at first gained skills as a sculptor and Bennett work was on painting. Their origin has played a great role in their work for it is divergent in the art world and from how they define their own identity.They do not agree to be called native artists; they prefer their art not to be weighed down by the descriptions of others. In each artist art work there are some visible elements such as native history, post European arrival and the impact of social politics and conflict with the awful nature and other cultural and current experiences. (Benjamin 12 7) Their works have been displayed in Three Colors Exhibition and Catalogue basically to give their work closeness rather than compare the two.They both knew very little about the components work for they had not met prior, but Three Colors gave them this opportunity for their art to talk to each other. In compassion with Ross Gibson's portrayal of a physical but also a thought of ‘badland’, ‘†¦ a disturbing place that you feel compelled to revisit despite all your wishes for comfort or complacency’ Robison and Bennett react to and involve their cultures, to address problems that are likely to be ignored or serve that risk. Their approaches of art make us to keenly look at the difficult issues at hand (Cambridge 34-40)Bennett’s expression on the abstract notion of identity bothered specific conformist views that regarded the native Australians, the hegemonic perspective of native culture and past as formulated by the colonial dialogue, and broug ht close concentration to the widespread implication of such deliberating for viewer and subject. Bennett’s early works seemed to have a liberating sense, for they confronted the Anglo-Saxon Australian description of history seeking to acknowledgement, motivate understanding and re-examining of approach and communal actions.(Cambridge 34-40) The Coming of light 1987 this is an indication of Bennett’s early works which was filled with anger i. e. a sarcastic tone going throughout his practice. His title was indicating modernization and bringing light to savage mind which was dark. The Urban European attack in this project is represented by elements such as typical city buildings, a backdrop of a mass of European white faces looking with eyes wide opened at one black native and a guillotined jack-in-the-box hanging from a nose.Use of alphabets in his work is a symbol of capital and commerce, indicating the power in European language and other structures of thought. (Benj amin 127) Peter Robison in his work tried to answer ‘What kind of Maori person was I, if at all? He was from Maori tribe. By choosing g art as a career he was to revive political and cultural interest in Maori individuality, language and customs at that time. He went deeper into the Maori heritage in his work: ‘I am of Maori descent and maybe I'm aware of it, or completely unaware – but I've been de-tribalised.So when I started producing Maori art it was like I was part of a lost tribe that had lost its roots in Maoriness and was finding its own roots. ‘ (Benjamin 127) Gordon Bennett and Peter Robinson work Tongue Of The False Prophet (1992), 3. 125% (1994) and Untitled (1994) are indication of Robinson's reply, reviewing and investigating his individual stand in the intricacies of the New Zealand cultural state. Robison work the ‘percentage paintings', 3.125% (1994) symbolize the inquisitive position that he followed in answering to his ‘Maorine ss' in an opened-ended method, focusing on the dualities inside his individual state of affairs and the superior bicultural state, through its olden times of battle over dominion and privileges: ‘A large number of Robinson's works have centered on this issue – not just the tools and methods that the power culture in New Zealand has used to de-legitimize and diminish Maori cultural identity and Maori rights to lands and resources, but also the impact that such experiences have had upon the Maori people. ‘(Benjamin 127) 3.125 percentage , is the mathematics quantity of Maori blood containing Robinson's ancestry, a number that can be thought as insufficient or sufficient to assert social or cultural rights, depending on the alternative of defining structure; blood, familiarity, or policy: ‘And then they accuse you of jumping on the Maori art bandwagon. The percentage paintings were a way of exposing these kinds of attitudes. It is my belief that Maori identity is a matter of identifying yourself as Maori – belonging in terms of ancestral connections as opposed to being a concept of how much Maori you are in terms of blood quantities.‘(Benjamin 127) Self Portrait (Good Guys) has a powerful mournful expression on the psychic, self and social effect of color disparity and assimilation. It is against generalization and subsuming of identities on grounds such as scientific, social religious, political or any other grounds. ‘This is what my project is all about – not only through my art but in my coming to understand for myself that I am a measure of Australia and of Australian culture, that I was conditioned and socialized into this culture in a fairly average way.I feel that by deconstructing my false notions about myself and my Aboriginality then, in some way, I am also reflecting how that is being falsely reflected within Australian culture. So, there's this connection between my deconstructing this image in myself and deconstructing it in Australian culture. ’ (Benjamin 127) Robinson respond to current concerns with ethnicity and identity or other issues is to satirize political accuracy. The irrefutable legacy of lineage is closely examined by Robinson and Bennett in works acknowledging the difficulties of self identity.Self Portrait (Ancestor Figures) (1992) is one of Bennett’s work mostly documented among their works. (Benjamin 127) Boy Am I Scarred, Eh! (1997) there was a scarring and psychic damage to Maori after McCahons speculation. ’ I see much of my current work as History painting, not as a documentary History painting, but rather it is painting that investigates the way history is constructed after the event, always mediated by someone's point of view, a teleological one point perspective that reflects a Eurocentric bias.‘(Benjamin 127) In early 1990s Bennett’s painting had accounts of optical grids, perspectives, black voids signs and dates signi fying the impact and actions of arrangements of thinking applied by European colonial governments and individual putting borders and giving significance to the land of Australia and its populace. (Benjamin 127) Conclusion The Everyday phenomena style of art has affected the communities in a positive way since they get into issues that in most cases would have been ignored or overlooked.In Australia during the 1990s the artist and everyday theme was similar since during this period there were issues such as European colonization, displacement of people from their land and people taking refuge in other states in hope of a new start of their lives. Imants Tiller, Gordon Bennett and Peter Robison in their work have interest on the everyday phenomena in their work. (Crosskey, 77) Works Cited Bosch A. V. den, Aesthetics, Allen & Unwin Publishers, 2005, ISBN: 1741144558 Biennale of Sydney, Sydney Opera House, Art, Modern, Biennale Publishers,2002 Wood P. , Perry G. , Postmodernism, YALE UN IV PR Publishers, 2004, ISBN: 0300101430 Lindsay, R. , and et al, Painting, Modern, National Gallery of Victoria, 1983 Pratt W. B, Encyclopedias and dictionaries, Australia, Grolier society of Australia, 1977, ISBN: 0959660402 Lindsay, R. et al, Art, Australia, National Gallery of Victoria, 1987, ISBN: 0724101225 Daly M. , et al, Australia, Rough Guides, 2003, ISBN:1843530902 (Crosskey , J. Philip, Rose G. Roger, Art/Pacific Area, University of Hawaii Press, 1993, ISBN:0824815734 Curnow w. , Art, Australia, Craftsman House, 1997, ISBN:9057032716 (Rowley, S. , Handcraft/Philosophy, Allen & Unwin, 1997, ISBN: 186448313X McCulloch, A. , Biography, Allen & Unwin, 1994, ISBN: 1863733159Benjamin R. , Art, Australia, Guggenheim Museum, 1995, ISBN: 0892071451 Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Art Modern, Clio Press, 1969 Art Gallery of New, South Wales, Art Modern, the Biennale Publishers, 1986, ISBN: 0959661956? Smith, S. Ure, Traveling Exhibition, the Museum of Modern Art, 1941 Art Gallery of New South Wales Art, Australia, the Gallery, 1989?

Olaudah Equiano’s the Interesting Narrative Essay

Olaudah Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, is the story of the eponymous real-life character, Olaudah Equiano, his life, trials, tribulations and journey from slavery at an early age to freedom. For Equiano, it seems that slavery is almost a metaphysical phenomenon. His entire life is essentially characterized by the different experiences relating slavery, from Africa to the Middle Passage to plantation life in the West Indies and United States. Equiano’s views on slavery are tough to articulate and truly complex. Throughout the novel he makes reference to different ‘degrees of slavery,’ at times condemning the practice, and at other times contradicting himself and seemingly lauding it. I believe that his conflicting views are products of his first hand experience with nearly all aspects of the practice, and near the end of the novel it is clear that he is in favor of ending slavery. See more: what is a narrative essay Although he was kidnapped at the age of eleven, Equiano’s familiarity with slavery actually begins long before that. Born in a region that is today known as Nigeria. His father a chief, (and ironically himself would eventually reach the same status if not for his kidnapping years later), Equiano’s family was considered ‘upper-class,’ and thus owned their own number of slaves. I believe that this is the beginning and serves as the basis of which he compares the slavery he experiences later in his lifetime to, and also what may serve as the beginning of his conflicting emotion towards the practice in general. He makes note that slaves in this community, while under the direction of a master and with clear distinction of a ‘lesser importance,’ are still treated in a humane way. On his own account, these slaves do a comparable amount of work to that of other members of the community. When put into perspective, with no knowledge of what’s to come (in regards to subsequent experiences in different aspects and degrees of slavery) at this point it is easy to see why Equiano has not yet condemned the idea or practice of slavery. Shortly thereafter, Equiano is kidnapped (along with his sister, though the two are eventually separated), He narrates being taken on a long, arduous voyage through a variety of African regions, during which he had â€Å"often changed masters.† He is first sold across Africa, first to a chieftain, and shortly after to a widow. After which, he is ultimately sold to the owner of a ship destined for the West Indies. Equiano dubs this Atlantic voyage himself â€Å"The Middle Passage,† and this is where I believe his journey truly begins. Equiano elaborates on his introduction and subsequent alienation to the European culture and their treatment of slaves. He details the substandard living conditions and destitution of living aboard the slave ship, and being a stark contrast to the concept of slavery he knew back in Africa, I believe this is the defining moment where his viewpoint regarding slavery is partitioned. I think it’s important to note that when Equiano is enslaved by fellow Africans, he makes note of the strong contrasts and class distinctions between himself and them. He makes direct comparisons between himself and the class he hails from, and these other Africans, going as far as to call them â€Å"barbaric† and â€Å"uncivilized.† I believe that this is worth noting, because it’s almost paradoxical how he is very quick to condemn these people and their form of slavery, while at the same time not criticizing the slavery that took place in his own village when he was a child. Though not yet acknowledging it, I believe that this is when he begins to form his own ‘tiers’ of the practice of slavery. After arriving at the West Indies and experiencing the sale of slaves firsthand, Equiano continues along with the slave ship to North America, and ultimately purchased by a naval captain, Michael Pascal to work in Virginia. Again he is subjected to cruel treatment inside the slaveholders’ homes. This is, I believe, the turning point that eventually leads to Equiano’s final resolution. He details being shocked and hurt to the point where he tries to wash the color of his skin off his face. While travelling the seas with Pascal, Equiano has many more encounters in and with Britain. With more and more exposure to Christianity and European culture, he details that he was no longer frightened and apprehensive towards it, beginning to show confluence of African and European cultures. He was eventually sent to school in Britain, educated and shortly after, baptized. It is worth noting that later in the novel he often relates his new religious standpoint to his enslavement. While becoming a Christian himself, whether or not he holds responsible God, himself, or the hypocritical Christian Europeans for his enslavement is left ambiguous. Ultimately, (and after brief stints of being purchased by other masters) Equiano is sold to Robert King. Educated and under the direction of a master treating him relatively fair, Equiano here observes another facet of slavery. He is further educated and directed along the path of Christianity, which I believe further adds more conflicting emotion, due to it being comparable to his original notion of slavery from his childhood. While working for King on shipping routes, he determines himself to save some money on the side, in order to buy his freedom from King. Interesting to note though, in the novel he explicitly states that he would like to return to Old England, not Africa. While I think this is further evidence of his confluence of English and African cultures, I believe that this is also the beginning of his plea against the practice of slavery, as later in the novel we find out that he does indeed buy his freedom, and much later returns to London and become involved in the abolitionist movement. In conclusion, it is clear to see that in the mind of Equiano, slavery is not simple a one-sided condemnation. From birth until freedom, he has lived and experienced all aspects of slavery, from his family owning slaves to being purchased himself. It’s an interesting and unique point of view that few (if any more) people who were involved in the practice of slavery experienced themselves. In the end, I think it is clear to the reader that Equiano is against the notion of slavery, but I believe that’s a conclusion he came to because of personal experience along with education and indulgement of European culture. While I don’t believe he accepts the practice of slavery, I believe that he accepts slavery as part of how he defines of himself, almost as if slavery could not be abolished were it not conceived in the first place.